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i

£J?3

&amp; e ^ v m cm d /£ , 'IwH&amp;M icep
^ v m e S &amp; ■ tfin&gt;/
fyS&gt;i

9

April

1951

Mrs. Fritz M. Marx,
6897 North Washington Boulevard,
East Falls Church, Virginia.
Dear Mrs, Marx:
This will acknowledge receipt of your letter of
April 2nd, and enclosures, and copies of the school news
papers under separate cover for all of which v/e thank you.
We have arranged for a meeting to he held in regard
to the school situation on Saturday, Auril lAth, at 8:00 o ’clock
P. M . , at Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church, 2?b6 South 2Ath Road, Arling
ton, Virginia, and urge that, if possible, you he present.
Very truly yours.

of

HILL, MARTIN
SWR:mer

&amp;

ROBIHDN

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                    <text>T e l ep h o n e 2-8033

ft SffcdvMli&amp;t?

«2f jr/ 3 A J
A lt Z &lt;
t
yrf(rr£*'S&amp;'S&amp;to&amp;n'

/&amp;, ‘ ■ ‘'/t'*'
/

19

October

1951

Mrs. Lillian Drookens,
Chairman, Education Committee,
Arlington County Branch, NAACP,
1302 South Bolfe Street,
Arlington, Virginia.
Be:

Arlington County School Case

Dear Mrs, Brookene:
Your letter of October 17th, and enclosed copy of
recapitulation of authorizations, arrived here today. Be
never received your letter of July 1st, nor replies to our
correspondence to you subsequent thereto, and, like you, are
at a complete loss as to what happened to your letter and
enclosure. Nevertheless, the information enclosed in your
letter just received should enable us to proceed with the
case end, for this reason, 1 am sending a copy of this letter
to all interested parties in order that further anxiety in
this regard may be removed.
tie do, however, request that at your convenience
you mail back to us the copy of the recapitulation which we
sent you this week.

Very truly yours.

Spottswood W. Bohlnson, III
A Southeast Regional Counsel, NAACP

SHE:mer
cc:

Mrs. Esther 1, Cooper
Mr. Louis B. Lautier
Mr, James E. Browne
Mr. J. E, Pollard
Jhurgood Marshall, Esquire
Mrs. Barbara 3. Marx
Mrs. Eleanor Smith

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                    <text>BROOKS v. COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD OF ARLINGTON COUNTY, VA.

393

C ite ns 321 F.2d 303 (10C3)

sand the matter for further testimony
in that connection.

evidence to indicate this would have taken
any appreciable length of time. The oth
er condition was that the new owner
would sell a minimum o f 1,100,000 gallons
o f fuel oil its first year. As the respond
ent suggests that could have been waived
and there was no assertion that an estop
pel certificate nullifying the restriction
was refused when requested. And there
is no evidence that the m ortgages were
indisposable because o f possible deferred
delivery.
. The decision o f the Tax Court will be
affirmed.

[2 The second point submitted by
]
the taxpayers concerns their contention
that the purchase money m ortgages
which they accepted as part o f the pur
chase price had no market value when
they were received in 1956. Taxpayers
therefore say that they erred in listing
1 5 0 as the amount o f the m ortgages
3 ,0 0
in their partnership income in 1956; that
the mortgages had no value to them dur
ing 1 5 .
96
We think that this question was before
the Tax Court and passed upon by the
latter in its denial o f petitioners’ motion
to withdraw and reconsider Findings of
Fact and Opinion. All o f the circum
stances in connection with the m ortgages
are before us. The issue regarding them
has been competently argued by both
sides. There is no necessity o f remand
ing this phase o f the review. We agree
with the Tax Court that petitioners did Gloria BROOKS, an infant, by Ethel A.
Brooks, her mother and next friend,
not sustain their burden o f establishing
ct al., Appellants,
that the mortgages were valueless.
v.
Petitioners rely on the restrictions on
COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD OF ARLING
assignments contained in the mortgages.
TON COUNTY, VIRGINIA, et aL,
The restrictions o f themselves did not
Appellees.
render the m ortgages valueless in the
No. 8708.
year received. We so held explicitly in
Heiner v. Gwinner, 114 F.2d 723, 725 (3
United States Court of Appeals
Fourth Circuit.
Cir. 1940), cert. den. 311 U.S. 714, 61
S.C 396, 85 L.Ed. 465 (1940). Admit
t.
Argued Sept. 24, 1963.
tedly the petitioners had accepted them
Decided O ct 31, 1963.
as $35,000 of the purchase price and list
ed them at that figure in their income
tax returns as part o f the sale price re
Proceeding on a motion o f county
ceived from Katz. The governing regu
school board to dissolve an injunction
lation of the 1954 Code, Section 1.1001- against racial discrimination. The Unit
1 reads: "The fair market value of ed States D istrict Court for the Eastern
(a)
property is a question o f fact, but only D istrict o f Virginia, at Alexandria, Oren
in rare and extraordinary cases will prop
R. Lewis, J., 204 F.Supp. 620, dissolved
erty be considered to have no market the injunction and plaintiffs appealed.
value.”
The Court o f Appeals, Sobeloff, Chief
The maximum period o f the restriction Judge, held that the injunction should
was one year. Release o f the restrictions not have been dissolved where, though it
and freedom to unconditionally assign &lt; was entered in 1956, not until fou r N egro
the mortgages depended upon the check I pupils were admitted to white schools in
out of the owners’ representation o f the ( 1959 was there any compliance, and first
amount of the previous year’ sales. That \ step taken by board on its own initiative
s
entailed merely an examination o f the ^toward compliance was in 1961.
books and records. We find nothing in
Reversed and remanded.

�301

321 FE D E R A L R E PORTER, 2d S E R IE S

1. Inju nction C=&gt;210

Injunction against racial discrim ina
tion in public schools o f county should
not have been dissolved in 1963 where,
though it was entered in 1956, not until
four N egro pupils were admitted to white
schools in 1959 was there any compliance,
and first step taken by board on its own
initiative toward compliance was in 1961
when it adopted pupil assignment pro
gram to become effective following Sep
tember and motion to dissolve followed
almost immediately thereafter. Code Va.
w.950, §§ 22-232.18 to 22-232.31.
2. In ju nction © =&gt;210

Absent a history of sustained obedi
ence, a showing o f hardship or oppres
sion, and an indication that need for
court supervision has become “attenu
ated to a shadow," an injunction should
not be dissolved.

James M. Nabrit, III, New York City
(Jack Greenberg, N ew York City, Otto
L. Tucker, Alexandria, Va., S. W. Tucker,
Emporia, Va., and Frank -D. Reeves,
Washington, D. C., on the brief), for ap
pellants.
Frank L. Ball, Arlington, Va. (James
H. Simmonds, Arlington, Va., on the
brief), fo r appellees.
B efore SOBELOFF, Chief Judge, and
H AYN SW ORTH . and BOREMAN, Cir
cuit Judges.
SOBELOFF, Chief Judge.
The order of the D istrict Court which
we are called upon to review in this ap
peal is one entered on March 1, 1962, dis
solving the injunction issued on July 31,
1956, against racial discrimination in the
public schools of Arlington County, V ir
ginia.
A fter the passage o f the 1956 injunc
tion, there ensued appellate proceedings
in this court, sub nom. School Board of
City o f Charlottesville, Virginia, et al.
v. Allen, 240 F.2d 59 (4th Cir. 1956),
which resulted in affirmance o f the in
junctive order. The School Board then
sought certiorari, which was denied by

the Supreme Court o f the United States,
School Bd. o f Arlington County v
.
Thompson, 353 U.S. 910, 77 S.Ct. 667, 1
L.Ed.2d 664 (1957). These steps and
supplementary proceedings in the Dis
trict Court occasioned delay o f the in
junction's effective date until September,
1957.

BRO(

j

In September the School Board sought
further .suspension o f the injunction. J
This the D istrict Court refused. On the ;
opening day o f the school term seven
N egro pupils, who applied fo r and were
denied admission to all-white schools,
moved the D istrict Court for further re
lief. The court reviewed the Board’ j
s
various defenses and, finding that the
pupils had been excluded on the basis of i
race, ordered their admission. Again the I
effective date o f the order was stayed
pending the outcome o f an appeal by the
School Board. This court affirmed the
grant o f relief to the plaintiffs. County !
School Board o f Arlington County, Vir
ginia v. Thompson, et al., 252 F.2d 929
(4th Cir. 1958), and the Board again
sought certiorari in the Supreme Court,
which was denied on May 19, 1958, 356
U.S. 958, 78 S.Ct. 994, 2 L.Ed.2d 1065 j
(1958). The effect o f the stay order and j
the ensuing litigation was further to
postpone desegregation.
[1] This did not exhaust the delays.
In September, 1958, the School Board ini
tiated a “ request for guidance." Again
the effective date for compliance was
moved forward, this time to February,
1959. This order too was appealed by
the Board, but applications for further
delay were denied by the D istrict Court
on January 28, 1959, by this court on
January 30, 1959, and by the Chief Jus
tice o f the United States on January 31,
1959. Thus, the objective fact is that not
until four N egro pupils were admitted to
white schools in February, 1959, was
there any compliance with the injunction
o f July 31, 1956.
A parallel lawsuit was in progress in
volving twenty-six other N egroes whose
applications for transfer had been de
nied in September, 1958. On an appeal,
decided sub nom. Hamm v. County School

1
j
\

I

Board o f Arl
F.2d 945 (41
rected the I
the rejected
peared that
plaintiffs to
transfers w.
further poin
and the Dis
cases, all of
scious o f t
Massive Res
the closing &lt;
groes m ight
having been
1959, by siq
Supreme Co
H arrison v.
636, and a
court, Jamc
Supp. 331 (
D istrict Cot
quire the Sc
plaintiffs’ aj
with a speci
should not 1
precedents,
trict Court
o f the pla:
schools, anc
dered the £
N egro pupi
as to whoi
noted that
ground jus'
The litig
late as Jul.
again had •
adm it 11
found, had
mission.
The pres
13, 1961, i
to dissolve
on July 3
alleged th;
longer exi:
necessary,
by a repoi
suant to a
Ann. §§
Supp.), tl
mental be
324 F.2

�BROOKS v. COUNTY SC IIO O L BOARD OF ARLIN GTON COUNTY, VA.

1 States,

unty v!
t. 6G7, j
ops and
he Dis.
the in&gt;tember,
I sought
unction.
On the
n seven
id were
schools,
ther re
gard's
hat the
)asis of
rain the
stayed
by the
icd the
County
y, Vir• 2 929
d
• again
Court,
58, 356
d 1065
ter and
her to
delays,
ird iniAgain
;e was
&gt;ruary,
led by
urther
Court
urt on
Jusiry 31,
iat not
tted to
was
action
iss inwhose
in deppeal,
School

3Q5

C ite as 324 F ’ 303 (10C3)
.2d

Board of Arlington County, Virginia, 264
F.2d 945 (4th Cir. 1959), this court di
rected the District Court to reconsider
the rejected applications, because it appeared that tests had been applied to the
f plaintiffs to which white pupils seeking
transfers were not subjected. It was
further pointed out that, when the Board
and the District Court considered these
cases, all officials concerned were con
scious of the existence o f Virginia’
s
Massive Resistance Statutes threatening
the closing o f any schools to which Ne
groes might be admitted. These statutes
having been invalidated on January 19,
1 5 , by simultaneous decisions o f the
99
Supreme Court o f Appeals o f V irginia in
Harrison v. Day, 200 Va. 439, 106 S.E.2d
G 6 and a three-judge federal district
3,
court, James v. Almond, D.C., 170 F.
Supp. 331 (E.D.Va.), our remand to the
District Court was with a direction to re
quire the School Board to re-examine the
plaintiffs’applications. This was coupled
with a specific admonition that the Board
should not treat its past actions as valid
precedents. On July 25, 1959, the D is
trict Court ordered the Board to admit 12
of the plaintiffs to formerly all-white
schools, and on September 16, 1959, it or
dered the admission o f seven additional
Negro pupils who had been rejected and
as to whom the D istrict Court's order
noted that the Board had disclosed no
ground justifying its action.
The litigation was not yet ended. As
late as July 21, 1960, the D istrict Court
again had occasion to order the Board to
admit 11 Negro pupils who, the court
found, had been improperly refused ad
mission.
The present phase opened on November
1 , 1961, when the School Board moved
3
to dissolve the order o f injunction passed
on July 31, 1956. Therein the Board
alleged that its policy o f segregation no
longer existed and the injunction was un
necessary. The motion was accompanied
by a report advising the court that, pursuant to authority o f state law, Va.Code
Ann. §§ 22-232.18 to .31 (1962 Cum.
Supp.), the Arlington County govern
mental body had adopted an ordinance
324 F.2d— 20

electing to remove the school assignment
power from the state Pupil Placement
Board to the local School Board and
that on September 21, 1961, the Board
had adopted a resolution rescinding the
policy o f segregation which it had form
ally reiterated as late as September 21,
1959. Also attached to the report was
the Board's rule that attendance shall be
in accordance with residential areas fixed
by the School Board from time to time;
but this rule was specifically made sub
ject to the policy that no child shall be
compelled to attend a school in which his
race is in the minority.
Opposing dissolution o f the injunction,
the plaintiffs insisted that the defendants
have not complied with their duty to
bring about the elimination o f racial dis
crimination in the public school system
and have evinced no intention o f doing
s o ; that the course o f action pursued by
the Board will continue indefinitely the
racially segregated character o f certain
schools; that the boundaries o f attend
ance areas were still those initially drawn
to maintain separate schools fo r the two
races; and that the continued mainte
nance o f such boundaries was designed to
perpetuate segregation. The plaintiffs
made specific recitals as to various schools
in Arlington County, the substance of
which was that Negroes, solely because
they are Negroes, and unlike white chil
dren o f similar age and qualifications, are
required to attend certain schools ac
commodating children o f all grades from
kindergarten to grade 12. It was fu r
ther charged that the School Board
always permitted, and continues to per
mit, all white children residing in the
attendance areas o f N egro schools to
transfer to schools outside the areas of
their residence, but refuses such perm is
sion when it is sought by N egro children
similarly situated; and that the Board
seeks to ju stify such discrimination by
citin g its policy "that no Child shall be
compelled to attend a school in which his
race is in the minority.” The plaintiffs
cited recent instances o f the application
to N egroes o f these and other discrimina
tory practices.

�306

321 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES

Attendance area maps then in effect in
the county were filed by the plaintiffs at
the hearing. There was also a stipula
tion o f the parties that there had been
no substantial change in the school zones
affecting the N egro schools since their
original establishment, with the excep
tion o f the elimination o f the geograph
ically separate area in the northern part
o f the county which, for the purpose o f
assigning N egroes but not whites, had
theretofore been included in the main
Hoffman-Boston district, five miles dis
tant.
The D istrict Court, relying on Kelley
v. Board o f Education o f City o f Nash
ville, 270 F.2d 209 (6th Cir. 1959), held
the racial minority transfer rule valid.
Since then, however, the Supreme Court
in Goss v. Board o f Education of the
City o f Knoxville, 373 U.S. 683, 83 S.Ct.
1405, 10 L.Ed.2d 632 (1963), has au
thoritatively settled the question to the
contrary. Justice Clark, speaking for
the unanimous Court, said:
“It is readily apparent that the
transfer system proposed lends itself
to perpetuation o f segregation. In
deed, the provisions can work only
toward that end.

* * *
“Classifications based on race for
purposes o f transfers between pub
lic schools, as here, violate the Equal
Protection Clause o f the Fourteenth
Amendment. * * * The recog
nition o f race as an absolute criterion
for granting transfers which operate
only in the direction o f schools in
which the transferee's race is in
the m ajority is no less unconstitu
tional than its use fo r original ad
mission or subsequent assignment to
public schools.

* # *
“ * * * The transfer provisions
here cannot be deemed to be reason
ably designed to meet legitimate local
problems, and therefore do not meet
the requirements o f Brown.” Id.
373 U.S. at 686-689, 83 S.Ct. at
1407-1409, 10 L.Ed.2d 632.

In Jackson v. School Board o f Lynchk.*.
Virginia, 321 F.2d 230 (4th Cir. W
this court, follow ing the Goss decis::;
invalidated the minority racial trans:
plan o f that city.
In argument before this court it
said that since the Goss decision of £
Supreme Coui*t on June 3, 1963, then,
lution embodying the racial m
iner,
transfer policy has been rescinded byi
School Board o f Arlington County a d
n
new rule substituted. The new ruled:not undertake to put N egro pupils cn
parity by granting them the same trai
fe r privileges theretofore enjoyed !
white pupils, but forbids all transfers
both white and N egro pupils. Even:
this new transfer regulation was a
nounced to us by counsel for the S c
ch
Board there came from the opposing tri.
table impugning intimations. We dor.
yet know how this innovation will open
— whether it will be found non-discrir
inatory, as the Board affirms, or an ir
permissible device to freeze the rest
o f earlier discriminatory practices, ast:
plaintiffs maintain. The question is::
now before us, and is noted only as as:
unresolved problem touching the adrv
istration o f the county schools. See I
lard v. School Board o f City of Ck:
lottesville, 308 F.2d 920, 924 (4th (
•
1962).
Counsel fo r the School Board a
!
brought to our attention a resoluti
adopted by it one week before the hear::
o f the appeal, declaring against the cc
sideration o f race in all future person:
actions. This measure is worthy of cc
mendation but, again, it is so new tr
there has been no implementation n
no experience under it.
As to the plaintiffs’ contention that ’
Board improperly continues the discri*
inatory attendance areas, the Board.
sorted that N egroes had not objected
public hearings called to consider the r
drawing o f school zones. Counsel for:
plaintiffs said that the N egro com ur.
m
was not aware o f such hearings. 7
.
Board also cited the fact that 146 Nee
students were then attending predor
nantly white schools nearest their re

�BROOKS v. COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD OF ARLINGTON COUNTY, VA.

3Q7

C ito ns 324 F.2il 303 (1003)

dc-nces. These circumstances, plus the
assumed constitutionality o f the now in
validated racial minority transfer plan,
persuaded the D istrict Court that there
1 no further need for the injunction.
3
The District Court dissolved the injunc
tion and dismissed the entire case from
its docket. Thompson v. County School
Bd. of Arlington County, Va., 204 F.
Supp. 620 (E.D.Va.1962).
We address ourselves solely to the is
sue before us; namely, whether the
School Board has made a showing suffi
cient to justify dissolution o f the injunc
tion. We do not undertake to adjudicate
the merits of matters upon which the
parties may be in controversy but which
are not directly in issue here, and tho only
pertinence of which is to reflect condi
tions bearing on the present need fo r the
injunction.
[2] In dissolving the injunction the
District Court cited Tobin v. Alma Mills,
192F.2d 133 (4th Cir. 1951), cert, denied,
3 3 U.S. 933, 72 S.Ct. 7G9, 96 L.Ed. 1342
4
(1952). It is true, as this court said in
Tobin, that an injunction should not be
continued “when conditions have so
changed that it is no longer needed or
as to render it inequitable.” But we
think that reliance upon this decision is
misplaced for the showing made here is
inadequate to meet its standard. The
fact is that the first step taken by the
Board on its own initiative toward com
pliance with the injunction was on March
16,1961, when it adopted a pupil assign
ment program to become effective the fol
lowing September. The motion to dis
solve the injunction as unnecessary fol
lowed almost immediately thereafter.
Even as of now, it could not possibly be
claimed that the record o f compliance is
more than two years in duration. Obe
dience to the injunction fo r so short a
time is not sufficient to warrant its ter
mination, even i f we were to assume that
there has been complete obedience, con
trary to the plaintiffs’ insistence that in
many respects full compliance with the
injunction is yet to be achieved.
We have here no long history o f sus
tained obedience, nor any showing of

harm to the defendants, and the case
therefore is not like Tobin, where the
party applying fo r dissolution o f the in
junction showed full compliance with its
provisions over a period o f nine years.
In W alling v. H arnischfeger Corp., 242
F.2d 712 (7th Cir. 1957), the dissolu
tion o f an injunction was refused despite
12 years o f sustained obedience. “Com
pliance,” the court answered, “ is just
what the law expects.” Id. 242 F.2d at
713. More recently the F irst Circuit re
versed a district court order dissolving an
injunction after eight years o f compli
ance. The Court o f Appeals commented:
“The injunction, o f course, merely di
rected appellee to do what the law obliged
him to do in the first place.” Goldberg
v. Ross, 300 F.2d 151 (1st Cir. 1962).
Again, the situation here, unlike Tobin,
where specific hardship was shown by the
party enjoined, is different since there
is no evidence o f any hardship or incon
venience in the operation o f the schools
by reason o f the injunction. In United
States v. Sw ift &amp; Co., 286 U.S. 106, 119,
52 S.Ct. 460, 464, 76 L.Ed. 999 (1932),
where rescission o f the injunctive order
was denied notwithstanding many years
o f obedience, Justice Cardozo said:
“The inquiry for us is whether the
changes are so important that dan
gers, once substantial, have become
attenuated to a shadow. No doubt
the defendants will be better off if
the injunction is relaxed, but they
are not suffering hardship so ex
treme and unexpected as to justify
us in saying that they are the vic
tims o f oppression.”
It is far from established that the segre
gated system in the county's schools has
been “attenuated to a shadow” or that
there is no further need for the injunc
tion, or that its continuance is oppres
sive. Wc are not unmindful that many
obstructive devices, designed to impede
and frustrate desegregation were inter
posed by forces for which this School
Board cannot in fairness be held account
able. Until a comparatively recent date
statutory and other obstacles stood in the
way o f compliance with the law o f the

�SOS

321 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES

land and the court’ order. And it is
s
not our intention to imply any criticism
o f actions o f the D istrict Judge taken
during the period in question, for doubt
less these were prompted by like com
pelling conditions. However this may be,
compliance began only lately. The long
scries o f lawsuits to attain the effective
ness of the injunction, and .the absence of
any threat against the Board in all this
time or any citation for contempt, strong
ly argue against any possible claim that
continuance o f the injunction will result
in oppression.
It was declared at the bar o f this court
that the School Board now contemplates
some revision in school districting affect
ing the Hoffman-Boston Senior High
School and perhaps the erection of new
school facilities. The plaintiffs, however,
recall that the Hoffman-Boston district
was originally created for N egroes when
the maintenance o f the segregated system
was the avowed policy and practice, and
they stress that Hoffman-Boston remains
as it was contrived, a N egro enclave en
tirely surrounded by white school zones.
The D istrict Court’ finding that there
s
is no evidence to sustain the charge that
geographical boundaries were established
to maintain segregation is clearly er
roneous. The testimony offered in the
1957 hearing was made a part o f the
record in this case. There the Division
Superintendent o f Schools, called by the
plaintiffs as an adverse witness, testified
that the Hoffman-Boston facility was es
tablished as the only N egro senior and
junior high school for the entire county;
that this action was based entirely upon
race; that the boundaries o f the three
elementary school districts were fixed in
a like manner; and that later the Pupil
Placement Board assigned approximately
2000 pupils of all grades, and in each in
stance without exception whites were as
signed to white schools and N egroes to
N egro schools, effectively freezing white
and N egro children in their racially seg
regated schools. By stipulation it ap
pears that since the 1957 hearing, except
for the disjunction o f the non-contiguous

northern territory, the districts r
unchanged. Even assuming th:
Board goes through with its a r.n .
plan to close the Hoffman-Boston $
.
H igh School, the junior high and tr
mentary facilities would be u a rn ltc- .
We do not now pass upon the v:
o f existing districts or districts •
created. We cite the situation m
er
another indication that the pro;
transition from segregation to deser
tion is not yet finished, since the•
itself apparently recognizes the n
ec
fo r future changes to meet dem
ar:
the N egro community and to effect
administration of the school system
School Board has the primary a :':
u
and responsibility to bring the scfcctem into complete conformity w
i;':
law. Such plans as it may be cor
ing are entirely appropriate for s.
sion to the D istrict Court. See E
:
v. School Board o f the City of R
ich:
317 F.2d 429, 438 (4th Cir. 1 6 .
93
think that the D istrict Court shoal:
tinue its supervision as contempt:
Brown v. Board o f Education, 3
;;
483, 74 S.Ct. 686, 9S L.Ed. 8 3 l!
7
and 349 U.S. 294, 301, 75 S.Ct. 7
?
L.Ed. 1083 (1955); and Cooper v A
.
358 U.S. 1, 7, 78 S.Ct. 1401, 3 Li
5 (1958).
Like other courts, ours has recc.
the complexities involved during a;
o f transition. Because o f this v\
.
tolerated temporary measures :
short o f total conform ity with cc:
tional requirements. This, howew:
not mean that the mandate should'
maturely withdrawn. Judging uv
most sympathy and understand!:
role o f the School Board in the Ion?
o f burdensome lawsuits that prow;
necessary even with the injunctive
outstanding, we cannot think tL
time has arrived to annul the inju:
A good faith beginning of com
;
m ight be a defense to a contemptc
fo r violating an injunction; it.
ground for rescission. The inju
must be reinstated.
Reversed and remanded.

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-a.^
MEMBERSHIP BY GRADES
December 31s 1962

ARLINGTON COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Department of Research

12

School

TOTAL

Abmgdoi
Ashlawn

5EerrydaTi

C lay Flllsior'e
Drew Annex

son

Madison

^rjEaETTmLex?1! ! ?
"

Monroe

' '''

B o T t T n g l i a i i i '" ’

SO

Daicridgi
r.-»« l -

foodmonf
son

Togo
-enmore
ira+Ycrl

t o t a l ''"'I

1917

2150 2265 2389

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                    <text>�NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE
ARLINGTON BRANCH
Carl W. Ferguson, President
Vol. 5

£123 18th St., N. W . , An t . 3, Washington, D. C.

N E W S
L E T T E R
______________________ September ]958_______

Ho. U

OLD-FASHIONED HICKORY BARBECUE A ' D BABY CONTEST
II
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER

20

COME

O N E ! --- C O M E

ALL!

NOON until

SIX

OLD-FASHIONED HICKORY BARBECUE

At the home of Mr. and Mrs. Birdie Alston,
2106 North Edison Street,
from noon until six o'clock
Dinner

$1.25

The Arlington Branch is, several hundred dollars short on its Freedom Fund
quota this year. Won't you please help us by buying a dinner or making a con
tribution? The Freedom Fund is used mainly for modest fees to our hard working
NAACP attorneys and other expenses of lawsuits to secure Negroes their constitu
tional rights, and for the political action campaign to increase the number of
Negro voters in Virginia.
NEXT MEETING — THURSDAY SEPTEMBER l8th at 8 p.m.
The next meeting of the Arlington Branch NAACP will be held Thursday, Sept.
l8th at 8 p.m. at the Macedonia Baptist Church, 22nd and Kenmore Streets, South.
Delegates to the State Convention are to be elected and there will be a report
on the status of school desegregation cases.
STATE CONVENTION, OCTOBER 10, 11, 12 at Hampton.
The theme of the convention is "Preparing Our Youth to Meet Today's
Challenges." Nationally known speakers are on the program.
If you are inter
ested in attending call Carl or Pauline Ferguson, AD *4-0355.
REGISTRATION DEADLINE OCTOBER *4th.
If you have friends or neighbors who are not registered to vote urge them
to get registered before the books close October *4th. The Registrar's Office
20*4-9 15th Street N (across the street from the Court House) is open weekdays
from 8:30 until 5:00. Or appointments may be made to register with the precinct
registrar either by calling her direct or by making an appointment through the
Central Registrar.
Virginia's new "blank paper" voter registration law, designed to keep Negroes
from voting went into effect in July. Would-be voters must put down on a blank
; of paper 9 or 10 facts. These are:
1.
2.
3*.
4
5.

Name
Age
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Residence— where you live

6 . Residence one year ago
7. Occupation now
8 . Occupation one year ago
9. Whether you have ever voted before
10. If so. State, County and Precinct

list of ten facts may be looked at in
the application.
If a person fails, he may try again, so there is no need to
worry.
If you have questions on how to register or how to reach your precinct regis
trar call the Registrar's Office, JA 7-I48OO, Ext. 278 or one of the following:
Mr. Edward D. Strother, JA 2-7093, Mr. James E. Browne, JA 7-7792, Mrs. Barbara
S. Marx, JE 2.14387.
PLEASE MOTE ENCLOSURES FROM YOUR STATS CONFERENCE.
A leaflet and letter from the Virginia State Conference NAACP are being sent
you in this envelope. Do take time to read them.

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                    <text>�NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE
ARLINGTON BRANCH
William R. Minor, President

1021 S. Rolfe St.
N E W S

Vol. IV

L E T T E R
March 1957

No. 2

NEXT' MEETING - WEDNESDAY MARCH 20th
The next meeting of the Arlington Branch NAACP will be held Wednesday, March
20th, at Mt. Olive Baptist Church, 1600-lkth Street South, at 8 p.m. In connec
tion with the Statewide campaign to increase the number of colored voters, we
shall have a discussion of legislative records: "Did Arlington's three dele
gates to the General Assembly represent you?"
POLL TAXES MUST BE PAID BY MAY Uth TO VOTE IN 157
This year Virginians elect a Governor, Lt. Governor, Attorney General,
and the General Assembly of 100 members. Arlington citizens will vote for the
Governor, Lt. Governor, Attorney General, three delegates to the General Assembly
and a County Board member. We do not know now all the candidates who will be
running next November. However, Attorney General Almond, a strong segregationist,
has already thrown his hat in the ring. Delegate Harrison Mann of Arlington, who
sponsored five of the seven anti-NAACP laws, is running for another term. All
citizens who believe in equality of opportunity and the freedom guaranteed by the
Bill of Rights will want to vote against both of these men.
Check now to be sure that your "poll", capitation tax for 1956 is paid. If
you have any questions about how much "poll" tax you owe, you may call the County
Treasurer's Office, JA 7-^800 or Mrs. Barbara S. Marx, JE 2- .
I 387.
MEMBERSHIP DRIVE
An NAACP membership is a kind of insurance against injustice and discrimina
tion. Membership money is used to work for civil rights, for the elimination of
racial barriers, and for an America with full equality for all its citj,

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                    <text>�S T U D E N T P R O G R E S S IS

a f f f

C T E D AS IN D IC A T E D :
Should be c orre cte d
1

2

3

4

H o s b een cor re cted
1 2

A b s e n i to o
Failu re to make up
T
------------------------------------- _ PJ v or k w h e n a b s e n t
Fa ilu re t o d o a s s i g n e d „ or|
&lt;

1
-----!
—

3

4
!
----- 1

P oo r attitude
I n a tt e nt i on in c l a s s
D i f f i c u l t y wit h s u b j e c t

NOTICE T O PARENTS:
S p a c e i s p r o v i d e d on t he r e v e r s e s i d e o f t h i s c a r d for c o m m e n t s by t e a c h e r
and p a r en t s. Y ou r c o m m e n t i s i n vi t ed ; it i s p a r t i c u l a r l y r e q u e s t e d w h e n o n e o f the
a r e a s a b o v e i s c h e c k e d . Y ou r s i g n a t u r e b e l o w i s a n i n d i c a t i o n t ha t t he s t u d e n t
h a s s h o w n y o u t h i s o f f i c i a l e v i d e n c e o f h i s p r o g r e s s . P l e a s e s i g n and return
pro mp tl y. T h e s t u d e n t i s e x p e c t e d t o return the c ar d t o s c h o o l by t he W e d n e s d a y
f o l l o w i n g t h e M o n d ay o n w h i c h t he c a r d w a s i s s u e d .

SIGNA TU RE O F

PARENT:

] ________________________________________ _________ ______________ D at e

2.

Date

��S T U D E N T P R O G R E S S IS A F F E C T E D A S I N D I C A T E D :
S h o u ld b e c o r r e c t e d
1

2

3

Has

4

1

b eenc or re
2

3

4

A b s e n t t o o o f t e n f r om t h i s c l a s s
F a i l u r e t o m a k e up work w he n a b s e n t
F a i l u r e t o d o a s s i g n e d work
P oor attitude
I n a t t e n t i o n in c l a s s
D i f f i c u l t y wit h s u b j e c t

N OTICE TO PARENTS:
S p a c e i s p r o v i d e d o n t he r e v e r s e s i d e o f t h i s c a r d for c o m m e n t s b y t e a c h e r
and p a r e n t s . Y o u r c o m m e n t i s i nv i t e d ; it i s p a r t i c u l a r l y r e q u e s t e d w h e n o n e o f t he
a r e a s a b o v e i s c h e c k e d . Y o u r s i g n a t u r e b e l o w i s an i n d i c a t i o n t ha t t h e s t u de n t
h a s s h o w n y o u t h i s o f f i c i a l e v i d e n c e o f h i s p r o g r e s s . P l e a s e s i g n a n d return
p ro mp tl y. T h e s t u d e n t i s e x p e c t e d t o r eturn t he c a r d t o s c h o o l by t he W e d n e s d a y
f o l l o w i n g t he M o nd ay o n w h i c h t h e c a r d w a s i s s u e d .

SIG NA TU R E O F P A R E N T :

!
I

��S T U D E N T P R O G R E S S IS A F F E C T E D AS I N D I C A T E D :
Should be c o r re c ted
1

2

3

Has

4

1

b eencor re
2

3

4

A b s e n t t o o o f t e n from t h is c l a s s
F a i l u r e t o m a k e up w or k w he n a b s e n t
F a i l u r e t o d o a s s i g n e d work
P oo r attitude
I na t t e nt i o n in c l a s s
D i f f i c u l t y wit h s u b j e c t

NOTICE TO PARENTS:

Spa c e i s p r o v i d e d on t h e r e v e r s e s i d e o f t h i s c a r d for c o m m e n t s by t e a c h e r
a nd p a r e n t s . Y o u r c o m m e n t i s i nv i t e d ; it i s p a r t i c u l a r l y r e q u e s t e d w he n o n e o f t he
a r e a s a b o v e i s c h e c k e d . Y o u r s i g n a t u r e b e l o w i s an i n d i c a t i o n t ha t t he s tu de n'
h a s s h o w n y o u t h i s o f f i c i a l e v i d e n c e o f h i s p r o g r e s s . P l e a s e s i g n and return
p ro mp tl y. T h e s t u d e n t i s e x p e c t e d t o return t he c a r d t o s c h o o l by t he W e d n e s d a y
f o l l o w i n g t he M o n d a y o n w h i c h t h e c a r d w a s i s s u e d .

SIG NA TU R E O F

PARENT:

�</text>
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                <text>Handwritten notes, n.d. on back of Commonwealth of Virginia, Pupil Placement Board, Application for Placement of Pupil, n.d., 8 pages</text>
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                <text>Handwritten notes are of numbers of Hoffman-Boston students transferring to other schools. Back of notes is sample form for pupil placement </text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15427">
                <text>This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.</text>
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                    <text>League of Women Voters, Arlington

September 1963

HOFFMAN-BOSTON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Outline for Group Discussion —

Consensus Questions

Arlington League Current Agenda Item
Hoffman-Boston Identified:

Junior-Senior High School, Size and Location

Education at Hoffman-Boston
Facilities
Curriculum
Disadvantages Inherent to High Schools of Small Size
Are there advantages?
Segregation
Summa.ry, and Comparison with Other High Schools in Arlington

Space Problems in Arlington Senier High Schools
Effect of Closing Hoffman-Boston on Other High Schools

CONSENSUS QUESTIONS
1.

Do League members support the School Board decision to close
out the senior high level of instruction at Hoffman-Boston
Junior-Senior High School?
If so, why?
If not, why not?
Continue only if affirmative answer to #1 above:

2.

When should Hoffman-Boston (senior high) be closed?

3.

Do League units wish tc express a view on how closing should
be accomplished?
a)

students

b)

teachers

c)

use of building

�</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>League of Women Voters of Arlington, Hoffman-Boston Senior High School,  Consensus Questions , 9/1963</text>
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                <text>Discussion topics, Hoffman-Boston</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15417">
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                  <elementText elementTextId="15408">
                    <text>�r. rf
.o ot
f. f

no. i

School Division (City or County):
C O M M O N W E A L T H O F VIRGINIA
P u p il P la c e m e n t B o a r d

A P P L IC A T IO N F O R P L A C E M E N T O F PU P IL

(Note : A

brh criiae o poottc c p teef sal b a t c e t te apiain o e c p p l who h s
it etfct r htsai o y hro hl e t a h d o h plcto f a h u i
a
m v d t Vrii f o a o h r sae fr whom apiaini m fre r l m n i Vrii shosfr
o e o igna r m n t e tt o
plcto s ade o n o l e t n igna col o
tefrttm..
h is ie)

1, the undersigned parent/or legal guardian, or other person having custody of the child named below, request that this

child be placed in the Public School System in the County/or City of—
------------------------------------------and in support thereof, submit the following information: (p r i n t OR TYPE)
FULL NAME OF CH IL D :.
A D D R E S S :_______________

X

POST OFFICE: ________________________________________________ __

X
NAME OF SCH OOL LAST ATTENDED: --------------------------------------- —

SCH OOL YEAR FOR W HICH ENROLLMENT IS REQUESTED:

WHEN:

ADDRESS O F SCHOOL: ____________________________________ C« 3^NTY/OR CITY:
BIRTH DATE:

_SEX:_

. GRADE..

YEARS IN SCHOOL:

-C O N D ITIO N OF HEALTH:

STATE O R COUNTRY OF BIRTH: ________________
PHYSICAL O R MENTAL HANDICAPS O R DISABILITI]

PARTICULAR APTITUDES: __________
IN VIRGINIA IN W HICH ANY O TH ER CHILDREN OF

NAME AND LOCATION OF SCH OOL O R Si

YOURS ARE ENROLLED: ____________
The foregoing is certified on oath or iffirmation to be true and complete.
Signed:
Address:

Date:

&lt;FOR

USE O F B O A R D S ONLY)

INFORM ATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S FR O M L O C A L S C H O O L B O A R D
If child is entering

frthe first time is date of
o

child’ birth on application same as on birth certificate?_
s

Comments concerning pupil: -- -----------------------------------------------------------------

Recommendation as to school to which pupil should be assigned:
Principal or
Head Teacher:

LO C A L S C H O O L B O A R D
By: -------------------------

(Tills)

A CTIO N B Y S T A T E B O A R D

____s h o
col

The above-named pupil is hereby assigned to
rn the County (City) of----------------------FOB THK

I M P O R T A N T

-

P L E A S E

'F11.

ACHHHT BOARD OF TUB COBBOKWBALTF OF V1BBIHM

R E A D

~~C A R E F U L L Y

The above is a sample of a State Pupil Placement Board Application form.
Print on the line opposite the asterisk (*), "SCHOOL IN WHICH ENROLLMENT
IS REQUESTED."

THEN WRITE THE NAME OF THE SCHOOL.

�</text>
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                    <text>March 2 , 196A
L W of Arlington
Hoff nan-Bo 8- o Junior High
tn
33ME CDHS W S H S POSSZBILITISS

WoricAeet only - for discussion at Bribing Heating
1. No eonscnmua at all. This is perfectly legitimate if it reflects
the situation. Our job la only to supply the information and see
if there is any oonscnaus.
2. Small specific itaas may emerge aa areas of consensual e.g.
1. h-fi's academically able students should be plaeed in a
school situation where accelerated and enriched courses
are available to than
2. H-B Junior High should not be required to rfiare facilities
with elementary age school ohildren
J. barge general areas of consensus say emerge e.g.
1. Hoffman-Uo gton Junior High provides an optinua education*
for its students.
2. Koffman-Boston Junior High doss not provide optimum
education for its students
J. The School Board ihouldi
do notiling further
ohanga boundaries
improve the physical plant
elosa the school
institute a "higher horizons* type program at H-B
tit other
"flease emphasise that "optimum education" , while it is part of the
wording of our agenda item, is a relative term, and we mean "optimum"
relative te Arlington schools in general, or relative to reallatio
realisable goals.

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                    <text>�S T U D E N T P R O G R E S S IS A F F E C T E D A S I N D I C A T E D :
S h o u ld b e c o r r e c t e d

1

2

3

Has

4

1

b eenc orre

2

3

4

A b s e n t t o o o f t e n from t h is c l a s s
F a i l u r e t o m a k e up work w he n a b s e n t
F a i l u r e t o d o a s s i g n e d work
P oo r attitude
I n a tt e nt i on in c l a s s
Difficulty with su b je c t

N O T I C E T O P AR EN TS :
S p a c e i s p r o v i d e d o n t h e r e v e r s e s i d e o f t h i s c a r d for c o m m e n t s by t e a c h e r
and p a r en t s. Your c o m m e n t i s i nv i t e d ; it i s p ar t i c u l a r l y r e q u e s t e d w he n o n e o f the
a r e a s a b o v e i s c h e c k e d . Y o u r s i g n a t u r e b e l o w i s a n i n d i c a t i o n t ha t t he s tu de nt
h as shown you this off ic ial e v i d e n c e o f his pro gre ss.
P l e a s e s i g n and return
p ro mp tl y. T h e s t u d e n t i s e x p e c t e d t o return t he c a r d t o s c h o o l by t he W e d n e s d a y
f o l l o w i n g t he Mond ay on w h i c h t he c a r d w a s i s s u e d .

SIGNA TU RE O F P AR EN T:

�</text>
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                    <text>�Arlington County Public Schools
Arlington, Virginia
Regular School B o a r d Meeting #5
N o v e m b e r 21, 1963 - 8 p . m .

Board R o o m
1426 North Q uincy Street
A G E N D A

Invocation . , , T h e R e v e r e n d H a r r y M . Gardner, Arlington C h u r c h of the Brethren
1.

P e r s o n s to B e H e a r d

&lt;'"2.

Approval of Minutes

---3

Personnel Items

- 4r
•
—
—
,

Financial Matters:
a) Disbursements
b) Bids:
_
) School L u n c h

H
5

__B.

xSt

V i.

Correspondencea) M r
&amp; M r s W a r n e r re S m o k i n g in the Schools
b) Unitarian C h u r c h re Sponsorship of Service Clubs
c) Dr. B u n g e re Study o f School Health Administration
d) County Mana g e r ' s Reply to Nottingham P T A re Sidewalks
eX M r s . Davenport re Education
P r o p o s e d Calendar 1964-65

7.

P r o p o s e d Junior High School P r o g r a m

8.

E x c u s e f r o m C o m p u l s o r y Attendance

9.

Architect for Was h i n g t o n - L e e High School

10.
11,
12

Public Alley - Wilson School
.H o f f m a n - B o s t o n Senior High School
Equivalency Credit for C a r e e r Service Teac h e r s

INFORMATION
A.
Report re Teachers' Scholarships
B.
G o v e r n m e n t Commodities
P e r s o n s Wishing to Speak Should;
1.
C o m p l e t e Request-to-Speak Slip
2.
Step to the Front a n d Speak into the M i c r o 'Phone
phone

Q c ' T - ’
f

^

�</text>
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                <text>RG 18, Personal Papers of Barbara Marx</text>
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                    <text>�Arlington County Public Schools
Arlington, Virginia
Regular School B o a r d Meeting #5
N o v e m b e r 21, 1963 - 8 p . m .

Board R o o m
1426 North Quincy Street
A G E N D A

Invocation . . . T h e R e v e r e n d H a r r y M . Gardner, Arlington C h u r c h of the Brethren
1.

P e r s o n s to B e H e a r d

2.

Approval of Minutes

3

Personnel Items

4.

Financial Matters:
a) Disbursements
b) Bids:
1) School L u n c h

5

Correspondence:
a) M r
&amp; M r s . W a r n e r re S m o k i n g in the Schools
b) Unitarian C h u r c h re Sponsorship of Service Clubs
c) Dr. B u n g e re Study of School Health Administration
d) County M a n a g e r ' s Reply to Nottingham P T A re Sidewalks
e) M r s . Davenport re Education

6.

P r o p o s e d Calendar 1964-65

7.

P r o p o s e d Junior High School P r o g r a m

8.

E x c u s e f r o m C o m p u l s o r y Attendance

9.

Architect for Was h i n g t o n - L e e High School

10.

Public Alley - Wilson School

11.

H o f f m a n - B o s t o n Senior High School

12

Equivalency Credit for C a r e e r Service T e a c h e r s

INFORMATION
A.
Report re Teachers' Scholarships
B.
Government Commodities
P e r s o n s Wishing to S peak Should:
1.
C o m p l e t e Request-to-Speak Slip
2.
Step to the Front a n d Speak into the M i c r o p h o n e

��</text>
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                <text>Handwritten notes on Hoffman-Boston, 2 pages.,  n.d. on back of Agenda, Regular School Board Meeting #5, Arlington County Public Schools, 11/21/1963</text>
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                    <text>�IF YOU D O N ’ VOTE IN ARLINGTON, YOU D O N ’ COUNT IN ARLINGTON
T
T
Last November only one out of five of the Negroes in Arlington over 21 was qualified to vote.
you a voter?

Were

Next November Arlington elects three School Board Members, tvo County Board Members, a State Senator,
three State Delegates, a Commissioner of Revenue, Commonwealth Attorney, Sheriff, Treasurer and Trial
Justice; also tvo Democratic Comitteeman from each precinct. Actions of the School Board and County
Board closely affect your velfare and that of your children.
To qualify to vote In Arlington, you must have paid "capitation" tax, usually called "poll tax", for
the last three years during which you have lived In the State and you must be registered to vote.
If you have not paid a poll tax for one or more of the last three
years, you can still pay and qualify to vote this year.
If
If
If
If

you
you
you
you

owe for three years with interest,
owe for 1952 only, with interest,
owe for 1953 only, with interest,
owe for I95U only, with interest,

the amount is...... $*+.98
the amount i s ........ 1-75
the amount is.........I .65
the amount i s .........I .58

The deadline for payment of poll taxes to vote this year is May 7 t h .
Newcomers to Virginia need only pay poll tax for the year or two they
have lived in the State.
Young people may register and vote the year in which they become 21
without paying poll tax if the 21st birthday comes before the November
election.
Pay your poll tax at the Treasurer's Office in the Arlington Court House. Then take your receipt
to the Registrar’s Office and register to vote.
If it is inconvenient to go to the Court House,
you can mail in a check or money order for your poll tan.
(Use form below.)
How to Register: You must go yourself, to the General Registrar's Office, 2 0 k 9 - 15th Street, N.
(opposite the north wing of the Court House). Take with you your poll tax receipt for 195I and
+
if you have paid back poll taxes for 1953 or 1952 this year, take these receipts with you too.
(In case you lose a poll tax receipt, you can get a copy of it from the Treasurer's Office.)
To Vote in the Primary, you must register by June lUth.
T o Vote in the November General Election, you must register by October 8t h .
You need register only once.
This qualifies you to vote as long as you live in Arlington and pay
your yearly poll t a x o f $ 1 .50.
If you have any questions or want more information, please call one of these persons:
Mrs. Mary A Thompson....... General Registrar....JA 7-^800 Ext. 278
Mr. Edvard D. Strother...... Arlington NAACP...... JA 2-7093
This leaflet is issued by the Arlington NAACP, Hoffman-Bostan PTA and Langston PTA.
BE A VOTITO CITIZEN

PAY YOUR POLL T AX BY SATURDAY, MAY

1,

AND REGISTER .
'

Treasurer of Arlington County, Court House, Arlington 1, Virginia.
Enclosed is $____________ to cover capitation (poll tax) for _
(Name or Names)’

(Give full name of each person)
for the year(s) _________,

,

.
Please mail receipts to:
(Name)

____________________________________ _____________

(Address) ____________________________ Arlington, Virginia

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