17 20 1839 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/623b82440fb42b0cc69605f2f276026c.jpg e1afa2c3b19056a08a646de56b08e8c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 307, The George Melvin Richardson Collection Description An account of the resource Papers donated by George Melvin Richardson, former principal of Hoffman-Boston Junior-Senior High School. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Choral group Description An account of the resource A choir stand on risers on the stage of the auditorium. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Black and white photograph Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 307, The George Melvin Richardson Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Photograph Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 307_0065 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/c6bc3e64b01970092cc26832ce1f6c02.pdf 3532059b8343879d3ff8e3c70de5f35b PDF Text Text CITIZENS CLEARING HOUSE O PUBLIC EDUCATION N E d ito rs C arolyn Ho Planck 3234 N. P ershing D rive, A rlin g to n , Va. M ailing Addresss 5200 C arlyn S pring R d., A rlo , Va. WILL VIRGINIA'S PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM BE DESTROYED IF RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE G RAY COMMISSION ARE CARRIED OUT? This q u e stio n u n d e rlie s c o n s id e ra tio n of th e e n ti r e re p o rt and heads a l i s t of many o th e r r e la te d p o in ts which a re of g ra v e s t concern to every man, woman and c h ild in th e s t a t e . V ir g in ia v o te rs have a p a r ti c u l a r and immediate r e s p o n s i b i li t y fo r se a rc h in g exam ination of the Gray Commission p ro p o sa ls because i t i s alm ost a c e r t a i n t y t h a t in Jan u ary th ey w i l l be asked to c a rry out th e f i r s t re q u e s t o f th e Commission by v o tin g to a u th o riz e a c o n s titu tio n a l con v e n tio n . Purpose o f th e convention would be to d e le te from th e c o n s titu tio n S e c tio n 141 p ro h itin g a llo c a tio n o f p u b lic funds to p r iv a te e d u c a tio n a l a g e n c ie s. Such an amendment i s nec e ssa ry to open th e way fo r th e rem aining Gray p ro p o sa ls, p a r ti c u l a r ly th e d e v ic es under which t u i t i o n g ra n ts would be p a id to p a re n ts who wish to e n r o ll t h e i r c h ild re n in p r iv a te schools r a th e r than to a c c e p t in te g ra te d p u b lic sc h o o ls. Could removal of S ectio n 141, th e r e f o r e , l i f t th e l i d from a P a n d o ra 's box of tro u b le s f a r more s e rio u s than th e problems involved in a d ju s tin g to in te g r a te d sch o o ls? B efore v o tin g fo r a convention t h a t could tak e t h i s f i r s t s te p toward abandonment of p u b lic sc h o o ls, every c i t i z e n should seek c le a r and s a t is f a c to r y answers to t h a t q u e stio n and many o th e rs such as th eses G eneral E ducational E ffo rts What would be th e e f f e c t o f th e p ro p o sa ls on th e t o t a l e d u c a tio n a l p ro c ess even i f p u b lic sch o o ls a re n o t abandoned in a l l l o c a l i t i e s ? Where p r iv a te schools re p la c e p u b lic sc h o o ls, who w i l l s e t and en fo rc e curriculum sta n d a rd s? Reasonable u n ifo rm ity in co u rses? Q u a lity of in s tru c tio n ? W ill p r iv a te high schools be a c c re d ite d ? Can and w i l l compulsory a tte n d an c e laws be enforced in a mixed system o f p u b lic and p r i v a t e schools? The Gray p lan says a l o c a l it y may o p e ra te schools fo r le s s th an n in e months w ith no lo s s o f s t a t e funds. Does t h i s in d ic a te t h a t a s h o rte r y e ar w i l l be t o le r a te d o r encouraged? I f compulsory a tte n d an c e i s scrapped an d /o r th e school y ear sh o rte n ed , what w i l l be th e f f e c t on ju v e n ile delinquency? Added p o lic e c o s ts ? The u ltim a te a b i l i t y of our young peep.-., to earn adequate liv in g s ? Can a tax p ay er le g a lly p re v en t h is money from going even in d ir e c tly to su b s id iz e p r iv a te sch o o ls? The Commission recommends t h a t no lo c a lly provided t u i t i o n g ra n t "exceed th e t o t a l c o s t o f o p e ra tio n p e r p u p il" in p u b lic schools during th e preceding y e a r, and t h a t th e s t a t e b ear �"one-half of the additional costs." Are parents to pay the other half of this difference between the cost of public and private schools? Will this mean that children in low and middle income groups will be squeezed out of private schools? Will tuition grants be made to Negro parents as well as white sufficient to pay for the education of their children in private schools if they so desire? Does even a nucleus of private facilities exist for elementary and secondary Negro education? Would public school buildings be sold to private interests? be incurred? If so, what losses would Would there be any control in the public interest over the amount of profit that operators of private schools would be allowed to make? What will happen to hard-won teacher salary schedules and standards, contracts and sick-leave provisions? Will private schools require or be forced to require the present standards for preparation of teachers? Can private school facilities be expanded sufficiently and rapidly enough to absorb even the white children in aregs where public schools are abolished? Some private schools already screen applicants for admission. Will children of any minority group other than Negro — Jewish, Chinese, etc., — be admitted without discrimination? Will any community wishing to preserve its public schools and at the same time conform to Federal requirements be hampered in making the necessary adjustments by the complex machinery for pupil transfer spelled out by the Commission? While the report states that school boards "may" furnish transportation, it goes on to s a y that "it should be made perfectly clear that no county board be required to furnish transportation to school children." Does this indicate localities will be permitted to assume no responsibility for getting pupils to either private or public schools? In many cases, would the offer of tuition grants be useless unless transportation is also available? Where legal doubt exists, will special sessions, constitutional conventions, delay and confusions be wasted effort? Has the Commission ignored the Supreme Court's willingness to allow communities time to make gradual adjustment to integration of schools? Would it be better for Virginia in the long run for voters and legislators to reject the Gray proposals and set about genuine efforts to achieve the gradual transition outlined by the Supreme Court? Citizens should seek authoritative information on the foregoing points, and other pertinent questions before they are faced with voting to call a constitutional convention. This vote will be their only direct opportunity to register approval or disapproval of the Gray Commission approach. Can and will the State excerise satisfactory control over text books and teaching materials in private schools to assure their quality and their freedom from un-American ideas? What will be the impact on Virginia taxpayers? Since provision for state aid to localities indicates that the Commission recognizes that private schools cannot be operated as economically as public schools, will this mean a rise in income tax and other levies? Will the Gray proposals stand up in court as the "good faith" compliance upon which the Supreme Court insists? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 18: Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Citizens Clearing House on Public Education, Will Virginia's Public School System be Destroyed if Recommendations of the Gray Commission are Carried Out? Description An account of the resource Mailing asking a series of questions about the recommendations of the Gray Commission to amend the State Constitution. 2 pages Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 18, Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Citizens Clearing House on Public Education Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18_2_3_10_37 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/fdd014888cf6483e02a7a4657df8faeb.pdf d794050d37e456fdcbe5ebb8382a02a0 PDF Text Text IN T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S D I S T R I C T C O U R T F O R T H E E A S T E R N DISTRICT O F COLUMBIA A L E X A N D R I A DIVISION C O N S T A N C E C A R T E R , an infant, b y Eleanor Taylor, her parent and next friend, et al., Plaintiffs, vs. : : : THE SCHOOL B O A R D OF ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRG I N I A , a body corporate, et al., : Defendants, A L I C E B A I L E Y , an infant, by G e o r g e L. Bailey, her father and next friend, A R T H U R B R O W N , an infant, b y Dorothy B r o w n , his m o t h e r and next friend, G E R A L D B U L L O C K , an infant, by J a m e s E. Bullock, his father and next friend. S H E R M A N B U L L O C K , an infant, by R u b y Green, his m o t h e r and next friend. R O B E R T A F L A C K , an infant, by Irene Flack, her m o t h e r and next friend, S A M U E L F R E E M A N , an infant, by Lindsey F r e e m a n , his father and next friend, O Z E L L A G A T L I N G , an infant, by William Gatling, her father and next friend, H E L E N G E E , an infant, by Ellen Richardson, her m o t h e r and next friend, R O B E R T G O O D I N E , an infant, by Robert Goodine, his father and next friend R U T H G R E E N , an infant, by G e o r g e Green, her father and next friend, W I L L I A M G R E E N , an infant, b y Celestine Green, his m o t h e r and next friend, R I C H A R D H A R R I S , an infant, by Richard S. Harris, his father and next friend G E O R G E H E A T L E Y A N D J A C K H E A T L E Y , infants, by Julia Heatley, their m o t h e r and next friend, : : : : : : : : : : : : : CIVIL A C T I O N N O . 331 �D A N I E L J O H N S O N , an infant, by Daniel Johnson, his father and next friend. G E O R G E M A N S F I E L D , an infant, b y H a r r y Mansfield, his father and next friend, G E O R G E M A R S H A L L , an infant, by A n n a Marshall, his m o t h e r and next friend, JANE! M I N O R , E L A I N E M I N O R and F L O R E N C E M I N O R , infants, by Lola Minor, their m o t h e r and next friend, J A M E S H E N R Y M O O R E and J O H N R O B E R T M O O R E , infants, by E m m a M o o r e , their m o t h e r and next friend. F R A N K N E W M A N , an infant, by F. N e w m a n , his father and next friend, E R M O N N I C K E N S , an infant, by John Nickens, his father and next friend, A L V I N P O L L A R D , an infant, by Pauline Nealj her m o t h e r and next friend. B A R B A R A P R I C E , an infant, by Pauline Neal,, her m o t h e r and next friend, T H E L M A R U S S E L L , an infant, by O. Russell, her m o t h e r and next friend, J A M E S S H E P H E R D , an infant, b y Milton Shepherd, his father and next friend G E O R G I A T A Y L O R , an infant, by M a r y Lockett, her m o t h e r and next friend, J A N I E T I L L M A N , an infant, b y J. M , Tillman, her m o t h e r and next friend, W A L T E R V O L L I N S , an infant, b y Lucille Vollins, his m o t h e r and next friend, P A V E L L B E S S , an infant, by Lucille Bess, his m o t h e r and. next friend, O T T O H U G H B O S W E L L , an infant, by M a r y H, Boswell, his m o t h e r and next friend, K E N N E T H B U R T O N , an infant, b y Ruth Burton, his m o t h e r and next friend, W I L L I A M B Y R D , an infant, by Corrine Byrd, his m o t h e r and next fripnd, F R E D C O U N C I L , an infant, b y Aileen Council, his m o t h e r and next friend, B E R N A R D F E R N A N D E R S , an infant, by M a r y Fernanders, his m o t h e r and next friend. �JA M E S G A SK IL L , a n in fa n t, by Jo h n G a s k ill, S r . h is f a th e r and n e x t fr ie n d . A R C H IE G R E E N , a n in fa n t, b y G e o rg ia G re e n , h is m o th e r a n d n e x t fr ie n d IRVING G R E E N , an in fa n t, b y H e n ry G re e n , h is f a th e r and n e x t f rie n d , • BERN A RD H A RRIS, J R . , a n irfa n t, b y B e r n a r d H a r r i s , S r . , h is f a th e r and n e x t f rie n d , E A R L O . L O C K E T T , a n in fa n t, by H a ttie B ro w n , h is m o th e r a n d n e x t frie n d , ENNIS P IN K E T T , an in fa n t, by H e le n P in k e tt, h is m o th e r and n e x t f r i e n d , B E R N A R D S C O T T , an in fa n t, b y E n lie S c o tt, h is m o th e r and n e x t f rie n d , JA M E S S H E P P A R D , a n in fa n t, b y M ilto n S h e p p a rd , h is f a th e r a n d n e x t fr ie n d , W A L T E R SM ITH , an in fa n t, by F l o r e n c e S m ith , h is m o th e r a n d n e x t fr ie n d , C A R R O L L TH O M PSO N , a n in fa n t, b y C la r e n c e "T h o m p so n , h e r f a th e r and n e x t frie n d , L IL L IE TH O M PSO N , an in fa n t, b y R o b e rt T h o m p s o n , h e r f a th e r and n e x t fr ie n d . E R N E S T W ASHINGTON, a n in fa n t, by W illie W au ls, h is m o th e r and n e x t f r ie n d . R O B E R T W A T ER S, an in fa n t, by In n a W a te r s , h is m o th e r and n e x t fr ie n d , : and G E O R G E L . B A IL E Y , D O RO TH Y BROW N, JA M E S E . B U L L O C K , RUBY G R E E N , IR E N E F L A C K , LIN D SEY : F R E E M A N , W ILL IA M G A T L IN G , E L L E N R IC H A R D ­ SON, R O B E R T GO ODIN E, G E O R G E G R E E N , : C E L E S T IN E G R E E N , R ICH A RD S.. H A RRIS,- JU LIA H E A T L E Y , D A N IE L JOHNSON, H A RRY M A N SF IE L D , ; ANNA M A R SH A LL, LOLA M IN OR, EMMA M O O RE, F . NEW M AN, JO H N N ICK EN S, S T E R L IN G H . HARRIS : P A U L IN E N E A L , O. R U S S E L L , M IL T O N S H E P H E R D , M ARY L O C K E T T , J . M . T IL L M A N , L U C IL L E V O LU N S: L U C IL L E BESS, M ARY H . B O S W E L L , R U TH B U RTO N , C O R R IN E BY RD , A IL E E N CO U N CIL, MARY F E R N A N D E R S , JO HN G A SK IL L , S R ., GEORGIA G R E E N HENRY G R E E N , BERN A RD H A RRIS, SR. , H A T T IE : BROW N, H E L E N P IN K E T T , E N L IE SC O T T , M IL T O N S H E P P A R D , F L O R E N C E SM ITH , C L A R E N C E : TH O M PSO N , R O B E R T TH O M PSO N , .W ILLIE W AULS, AND INNA W A T E R S, : A p p lic a n ts fo r In te rv e n tio n �MOTION TO INTERVENE 4 T h e a b o v e - n a m e d applicants for intervention respectfully m o v e the Court for an order permitting them, as m e m b e r s of the class on behalf of w h i c h this action is brought, to intervene as parties-plaintiff in this action, and permitting their proposed complaint in intervention annexed hereto to be filed, in order to assert the matters set forth therein, upon the following grounds: 1. Infant applicants for intervention are a m o n g those generally classified as Negroes, are citizens of the United States and of the C o m m o n ­ wealth of Virginia, and are residents of and domiciled in the County of Arlington, Virginia. T h e y are within the statutory age limits of eligibility to attend the public senior high schools of said County and possess all quali­ fications and satisfy all requirements for admission thereto, and are in fact'/ attending one of the public schools, torwit, the Hoffman- B o s t o n High School, of said County under the supervision, operation and control of defendants. 2. Adult applicants for intervention are a m o n g those generally classified as Negroes, are citizens of tho United States and of the C o m m o n ­ wealth of Virginia, and are reSiddSts of and domiciled in the County of Arlington, Virginia. T h e y are parents or guardians of infant applicants for intervention, and are taxpayers of the United States and of said C o m m o n ­ wealth and County. All adult applicants for intervention having control or charge of any u n e x e m p t e d child w h o has reached the seventh birthday and has not passed the sixteenth birthday are required to send said child to attend school or receive instruction (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 12, Article 4, sections 22-251 to 22-256). 3. Applicants for intervention should be permitted to intervene as parties-plaintiff in this action upon the following grounds: (a) T h e y are m e m b e r s of the class on behalf of which the original action is brought. (b) T h e y have a substantial interest in the subject matter of the action. (c) T h e representation of their interest by the original plain­ tiff and/or plaintiffs by intervention in this action is or m a y be inadequate for the reason that the original plaintiff �5 has withdrawn f r o m the H o f f m a n - B o s t o n High School, and one of the two intervening plaintiffs has been graduated f r o m said school, and the other of the intervening plain­ tiffs is expected to be graduated f r o m said school during the current school session and before the fin.al adjudica­ tion of this action. (d) T h e y are and will be bound by any judgment, decree or order heretofore or hereafter entered in this action. (e) Their interest and the m a i n action have questions of law and fact in c o m m o n . (f) Their intervention will not to any extent delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the original parties. 4. T h e interest of applicants for intervention is such that their intervention in this action is necessary to the protection of their interest b e c ause of the following facts: (a) Infant applicants for intervention are within the statutory age limits of eligibility to attend the public senior high schools of the County of Arlington, Virginia, and possess all qualifications and satisfy all requirements for a d ­ mission thereto, as hereinbefore set forth in para g r a p h 1 hereof. (b) Adult applicants for intervention having control or charge of any u n e x e m p t e d child w h o has reached the seventh birthday and has not p a ssed the sixteenth birthday are required to send said child to attend school or receive instruction (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 12, Article 4, sections 22-251 to 22-256), as hereinbefore set forth in para g r a p h 2 hereof. (c) Defendants have denied, and are denying, because of their race or color, infant applicants for intervention, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facili­ ties equal to the public senior high school educational o p p o r ­ tunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, and have enforced and e x e ­ cuted and are enforcing and executing laws of the C o m m o n ­ wealth of Virginia, and have enforced, executed and pursued and are enforcing, executing and pursuing, policies, practices, c u s t o m s and usages, which prohibit, because of their race or color, infant applicants for intervention, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, f r o m attending the only public senior high, school of said County affording a senior high school education equal to that afforded all other qualified students w h o are not Negroes, and w hich c o m p e l infant applicants for Intervention, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, to attend a public school segregated and set apart for N e g r o students residing in said C o u n t y , and thereby have denied, and are denying, infant ap­ plicants for intervention their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property with­ out due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured by the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution �of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8, United States Code, section 41® (d) Defendants have denied, and are denying, because of their race or color, adult applicants for intervention, and all other parents and guardians of Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, because of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective children, rights and privileges of sending their respective children to the only public senior high school established, operated or maintained by defendants affording public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities equal to the public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes, and thereby have denied, and are denying adult applicants for intervention, and other parents and guardians of Negro children of public school age similarly situated re­ siding in said County, their privileges and immunities as citi­ zens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, se­ cured by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the right secured by Title 8, United States Code, section 41® (e) Applicants for intervention are members of the class on be­ half of which this action is brought, and are entitled to the benefit of and are affected by any judgment, decree or order entered herein. (f) The representation of the interest of applicants for inter­ vention by the original plaintiff and/or the plaintiffs by intervention in this action is or may be inadequate for the reason that the original plaintiff has withdrawn from the Hoffman-Boston High School, and one of the two intervening plaintiffs has been graduated from said school, and the other of the intervening plaintiffs is expected to be graduated from said school during the current school session and before the final adjudication of this action. (g) If the original fail, the cause brought a class duly intervenes plaintiffs and the plaintiffs by intervention of action fails, even though they may have action, unless some other member of the class as a party-plaintiff. "WHEREFORE, it is prayed that an order may be entered permitting the above-named applicants for intervention to intervene as parties-plaintiff in this action, and permitting their proposed complaint in intervention annexed hereto to be filed, in order to assert the matters set forth therein. /s/ - 6 - Oliver W. Hill________ Oliver W. Hill 623 North Third Street Richmond 19, Virginia �/s/ Martin A. Martin Martin A. Martin 623 North Third Street Richmond 19, Virginia /s/ Spottsrrood W. Robinson, III Spottswood If Robinson, III f. 623 North Third Street Richmond 19, Virginia /s/ Leon A. Ransom_____________ Leon A. Ransom 1939 Thirteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. Counsel for Applicants for Intervention. �POINTS AMD AU1H0RI11ES IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR INTERVKDITION 1. Intervention must be granted when the representation of the ap­ plicants’ interest by existing parties is or may be inadequate and the appli­ cants are or may be bound by a judgment in the action, and may be granted when the applicants’ claim and the main action have a question of law or fact in common. Rule 24(a), (b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 2. Further necessary or proper relief based on a declaratory judg­ ment or decree may be granted, after reasonable notice and hearing, against any adverse party whose rights have been determined by such judgment. Title 28, United States Code, section 2202. /s/ Spottswood W. Robinson. Ill______________ Of Counsel for Applicants for Intervention. - 8 - �IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA ALEXANDRIA DIVISION CONSTANCE CARTER, an infant, by Eleanor Taylor, her parent and next friend, et al.. Plaintiffs, vs. : THE SCHOOL BOARD OF ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA, a body corporate, et. al., Defendants, ALICE BAILEY, an infant, by George L. Bailey, her father and next friend, ARTHUR BROWN, an infant, by Dorothy Bronvn, his mother and next friend GERALD BULLOCK, an infant, by James E„ Bullock, his father and next friend, SHERMAN BULLOCK, an infant, by Ruby Green, his mother and next friend, ROBERTA FLACK, an infant, mother and next friend, by IreneFlack, her SAMUEL FREEMAN, an infant, by Lindsey Freeman, his father and next friend, OZELLA GATLING, an infant, by William Gatling, her father and next friend, HELEN GEE, an infant, by Ellen Richardson, her mother and next friend, ROBERT GOODINE, an infant, by Robert Goodine, his father and next friend, RUTH* GREEN, an infant, by George Green, her father and next friend, WILLIAM GREEN, an infant, by Celestine Green, his mother and next friend, RICHARB HARRIS, an infant, by Richard S. Harris, his father and next friend, GEORGE HEATLEY and JACK HEATLEY, infants, by Julia Heatley, their mother and next friend. - 9 - : : : : : : : : s ! s s ! s s CIVIL ACTION NO. 331 �DANIEL JOHNSON, an infant, by Daniel Johnson, his father and next friend, GEORGE MANSFIELD, an infant, by Harry Mansfield, his father and next friend, GEORGE MARSHALL, an infant, by Anna Marshall, his mother and next friend, JANE MINOR, ELAINE MINOR and FLORENCE MINOR," infants, b y Lola Minor, their mother and next friend, JAMES HENRY MOORE and JOHN ROBERT MOORE, infants, by Emma Moore, their mother and next friend, FRANK NEWMAN, and infant, by F. Newman, father and next friend, his ERMON NICKENS, an infant, by John Nickens, his father and next friend, ALVIN POLLARD, an infant, b y Sterling H. Harris,' his father and next friend, BARBARA PRICE, an infant, by Pauline Neal, her mother and next friend, THEIMA RUSSELL, an infant, by 0. Russell, her mother and next friend, JAMES SHEPHERD, an infant, by Milton Shepherd, his father and next friend, GEORGIA TAYLOR, an infant, b y Mary Lockett, her mother and next friend, JANIE TILLMAN, an infant, by J. M. Tillman, her mother and next friend, WALTER VOLLINS, an infant, by Lucille Vollins, his mother and next friend, PAVELL BESS, an infant, by Lucille Bess, his mother and next friend, OTTO HUGH BOSWELL, an infant, by Mary H. Boswell, his mother and next friend, KENNETH BURTON, an infant, by Ruth Burton, his mothdr and next friend, WILLIAM BYRD, an infant, by Corrine Byrd, his mother and next friend, FRED COUNCIL, an infant, by Aileen Council, his mother and next friend, BERNARD FERNANDERS, an infant, by Mary Fernanders, his mother and next friend, - 10 - �JAMES GASKILL, an infant, by John Gasld.ll, Sr., his father and next friend, ARCHIE GREEN, an infant, by Georgia Green, his mother and next friend, IRVING GREEN, an infant, by Henry Green, his father and next friend, BERNARD HARRIS, JR., an infant, by Bernard Harris, Sr., his father and next friend, EARL 0. LOCKET, an infant, by Hattie Brown, his mother and next friend, ENNIS PINKETT, an infant, by Helen Pinkett, his mother and next friend, BERNARD SCOTT, an infant, by Enlie Scott, his mother and next friend, JAMES SHEPPARD, an infant, by Milton Sheppard, his father and next friend, WALTER SMITH, an infant, by Florence Smith, his mother and next friend, CARROLL THOMPSON, an infant, by Clarence Thompson, her father and next friend, LILLIE THOMPSON, an infant, by Robert Thompson, her father and next friend, ERNEST WASHINGTON, an Infant, by Willie Wauls, his mother and next friend, ROBERT WATERS, an infant, by Inna Waters, his mother and next friend, j i : • j s : : : ; : : : and GEORGE L. BAILEY, DOROTHY BROWN, JAMES E. BULLOCK, RUBY GREEN, IRENE FLACK, LINDSE' FREEMAN, WILLIAM GATLING, ELLEN RICHARDSON, ROBERT GOODINE, GEORGE GREEN, CELESTINE GREEN, RICHARD S. HARRIS, JULIA HEATLEY, DANIEL JOHNSON, HARRY MANSFIELD, ANNA MARSHALL, LOLA ICHOR, EMMA MOORE, F. NEWMAN, JOHN NICKENS, STERLING H. HARRIS, PAULINE HEAL, 0 . RUSSELL, : MILTON SHEPHERD, MARY LOCKETT, J. M. TILLMAN, LUCILLE VOLLINS, LUCILLE BESS, MARY H. BOSWELL, RUTH BURTON, CORRIHE BYRD, AILEEN COUNCIL, MARY FERNANDERS, JOHN GASKILL, SR., GEORGIA GREEN, HENRY GREEN, BERNARD HARRIS, SR., HATTIE BROWN, HELEN PINKETT, ENLIE SCOTT, MILTON SHEPPARD, FLORENCE SMITH, CLARENCE THOMPSON, ROBERT THOMPSON, WILLIE WAULS, and INNA WATERS, Interveners - 11 - s • . : s s ! i �INTERVENERS 1 COMPLAINT I I INTERVENTION I 1. (a) The jurisdiction of this Court is invoked under Title 28, United States Code, section 1331. This action arises under the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the Act of May 31, 1870, Chapter 114, section 16, 16 Stat. 144 (Title 8, United States Code, section 41), as hereinafter more fully appears. The matter in controversy exceeds, exclusive of interest and cost, the sum of value of Tnree Thousand (53,000.00) Dollars. (b) United States Code, section 1343. The jurisdiction of this Court is also invoked under This action is authorized by the Act of April 20, 1871, Chapter 22, section 1, 17 Stat. 13, (Title 8, United States Code, section 43), to be commenced by any citizen of the United States or other person 'within the jurisdiction thereof to redress the deprivation, under color of a state law, statute, ordinance, regulation, custom or usage, of rights, privileges and immunities secured by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitu­ tion of the United States, section 1, and by the Act of May 31, 1870, Chapter 114, section 16, 16 Stat. 144, (Title 8, United States Code, section 41), pro­ viding for the equal rights of citizens and of all persons within the juris­ diction of the United States, as hereinafter more fully appears. (c) The jurisdiction of this Court is also invoked under Title 28, United States Code, section 2281. This is an action for a permanent injunction restraining, upon the ground of unoonstitutionality, the enforcement, operation and execution of provisions of the Constitution and statutes of the Common­ wealth of Virginia by restraining the action of defendants, officers of such Commonwealth, in the enforcement and execution of such Constitutional provisions and statutes, as hereinafter more fully appears. (d) The jurisdiction of this Court is also invoked under Title 28, United States Code, section 2202. This is an action for the granting of further necessary and proper relief, based on a declaratory judgment, against adverse - 12 - �parties whose rights have been determined by such Judgment, as hereinafter more fully appears. 2. This action is a proceeding under Title 28, United States Code, sections 2201 and 2202, for a judgment declaratory of the rights and other legal relations of interveners, and all other Negro children attending the public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and their respective parents and guardians, similarly situated and affected with reference to the matters here involved, and an injunction, for the purpose of determining and redressing questions and matters of actual controversy between the parties, to-wit: (a) The question whether the action of defendants, or either of them, in enforcing cr executing against infant interveners, or any other Negro child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington,' Virginia, or either or any of them, the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia hereinafter specified in paragraph 15 hereof, or either or any of them, which laws prohibit, because of their race or color, infant interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, from attending the only public senior high school of said County affording a senior high school education equal to that afforded all other qualified students who are not Negroes, and which compel infant interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, to attend the senior high school department of a segregated public school set apart for Negro students in said County, denies infant interveners, and other Negro children of public school age similarly situated, residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured b y the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured b y Title 8, United States Code, section k-1, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. (b) The question whether the action of defendants, or either of them, in enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other - 13 - �Hegro child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington Virginia, or either or any cf them, the policy, practice, custom and usage hereinafter specified in paragraph 16 hereof, which policy, practice, custom and usage prohibit, because c-f their race or color, infant interveners, and all other Hegro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, from attending the only senior high school of said County affording a senior high school education equal to that afforded all other quali­ fied students who are not Negroes, and which compel infant interveners, and all other Hegro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County to attend the senior high school department of a segregated public school set apart for Negro students in said County, denies infant interveners, and other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured b y tbs Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8 , United States Code, section 1(1, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void* (c) The question whether the action of defendants, or either of them, in enforcing, executing or pursuing against adult interveners, or any other parent or guardian of Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the policy, practice, custom and usage hereinafter specified in paragraph 18 hereof, of denying them, because of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective children, rights and privileges of sending their respective children to a public senior high school in said County with educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinafter specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes, denies adult interveners, and other parents and guardians of Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws. - It - �secured 'by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8, United States Code, section kl, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. 3. Infant interveners are among those generally classified as negroes, are citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and are residents of and domiciled in the County of Arlington, Virginia. are with­ They in the statutory limits of eligibility to attend the public senior high schools of said County, and possess all qualifications and satisfy all requirements for admission thereto, and are in fact attending the senior high school department of one of the public schools, to-wit, the Hoffman-Boston High School, of said County under the supervision, operation and control of defendants. b. Adult interveners are among those generally classified as Negroes, are citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Virginia, residents of and domiciled in the County of Arlington, Virginia. and are They are parents or guardians of infant interveners, and are taxpayers of the United States and of said Commonwealth and County. All adult interveners having con­ trol or charge of any unexempted child who has reached the seventh birthday and has not passed the sixteenth birthday are required to send said child to attend school or receive instruction (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 12, Article k, sections 22-251 to 22-256). 5 . Interveners bring this action in their own behalf, and, there being common questions of law and fact affecting the rights of all other Negro children attending the public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and their respective parents and guardians, similarly situated and affected with reference to the matters here involved, who are so numerous as to make it impracticable to bring all before the Court, and a common relief being sought, as will herein­ after more fully appear, bring this action pursuant to Rule 23 (a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, as a class action, also on behalf of all other Negro children attending the public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and their respective parents and guardians, similarly situated and affected with reference to the matters here involved. - 15 - �6. Defendant County School Board of Arlington County, Virginia, exists pursuant to the Constitution and lavs of the Commonwealth of Virginia as an administrative department of the Commonwealth of Virginia discharging governmental functions (Constitution of Virginia, Article IX, section 133; Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 1, sections 22-1, £2-2, 22-5 to 22-9, Chapter 6, Article 1, sections £2-b^ to 22-57> Chapter 6, Article 2, sections 22-59 to 22-88.2, Chapters 7 to 15, sections 22-101 to 22-330), and is declared b y law to he a Body corporate (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 6, Article 2, section 22063). 7. Defendant William A. Early is Division Superintendent of Schools of the County of Arlington, Virginia. He holds office pursuant to the Consti­ tution and laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia as an administrative officer of the public free school system of Virginia (Constitution of Virginia, Article XX, section 133; Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 1, section 22-1, 22-2, 22-5 to 22-9, Chapter 22->+5 to 22-330). k, sections 22-31 to 22-lt-l, Chapters 6 to 15, sections He is under the authority, supervision and control of, and acts pursuant to, the orders, policies, practices, customs and usages of, and established by, defendant County School Board of Arlington County, Virginia. He is made a defendant herein in his official capacity. 8. The Commonwealth of Virginia has declared public education a State function. The Constitution of Virginia, Article IX, section 129, provides "Free schools to he maintained. The General Assembly shall establish and maintain an efficient system of public free schools throughout the State". Pursuant to this mandate, the General Assembly of Virginia has established a system of public free schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia according to a plan set out in Title 22, Chapters 1 to 15, inclusive, of the Code of Virginia of 1950. The establishment, maintenance and administration of the public school system of Virginia is vested in a State Board of Education, a Superintendent of Public Instruction, Division Superintendents of Schools, and County, City and Town School Boards (Constitution of Virginia, Article IX, sections 131-133; Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 1, section 22-2). - 16 - �9. The public schools of the County of Arlington, Virginia, are under the control and supervision of defendants, acting as an administrative department or division of the Commonwealth of Virginia (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 1, sections 22-1, 22-2), Defendants County School Board of Arlington County, Virginia, is empowered and required to establish and maintain an efficient system of public free schools in said County (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 1, sections 22-1, 22-5); to provide suitable and proper school buildings, furniture and equipment, and to maintain, manage and control the same (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 1, Article 1, section 22-72, Article 4, section 22-97); to determine the studies to be pursued, the methods of teaching, and the government to he employed in the schools (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 6, Article 4, section 22-97, Chapter 12, Article 2, sections 22-233 to 22-240); to employ teachers (Code of Virginia, I95O, Chapter 6 , Article 1, section 22-72, Article 1 , section 22-97, Chapter 11, section 22; 202); to provide for the transportation of pupils (Code of Virginia, 1950, Title 22, Chapter 6, Article 1, section 22-72:; to enforce the school laws (Code of Virginia, 1950, Chapter 6, Article 1, section 22-72, Chapter 6, Article 4, sec­ tion 22-97); and to perform the numerous other duties, activities and functions essential to the establishment, maintenance and operation of the schools of said County (Code of Virginia, I95O, Chapter 1, sections 22-1 to 22-10, Chapters 1 to ; 6 , sections 22-30 to 22-88,2, Chapters 4 to 5, sections 22-30 to 22-44, Chapter 6, Article 1, sections 22-4-5 to 22-58, Article 4, sections 22-89 to 22-100, Chapters 4 -to 15, sections 22-30 to 22-330, Chapters 7 to 15, sections 22-101 to 22-230). 10. On the 4th day of September, 194-7, the original plaintiff, and infant, among those generally classified as Degrees, residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, b y her mother, filed her complaint in this Court alleging that the then defendants had pursued, and were pursuing, policies, practices, customs and usages of denying, because of their race or color, said plaintiff, and other Hegro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities - 17 - �equal to those afforded children similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes, and thereby had denied, and were denying, them the equal pro­ tection of the laws secured b y the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8, United States Code, section 4-1. In her complaint, said plaintiff sought a judgement or decree declaring that the policies, practices, customs and -usages aforesaid were violative of the Constitution and laws, aforesaid, and a permanent injunction restraining said defendants from making such distinctions or any distinction based upon race or color in the opportunities, advantages or facilities afforded for the education of Negro children and children who are not Negroes residing in said.County, or, in the alternative, a permanent injunction restraining said defendants from denying said plaintiff, and those on whose behalf she sued, admission to the enrollment in the senior high school established, maintained and operated exclusively for children of public school age residing in said County who are not Negroes. 11. On the 2kth. day of October, 19^9> Julius Brevard and Peggy Council, each infants, among those generally classified as Negroes, residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, by their respective parents, filed their petition alleging that defendants herein had denied them senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, equal to the senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and avail­ able to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes, and seeking intervention as parties- plaintiff, and praying for the same relief sought by the original plaintiff. By an order entered on the 2^th day of October 19^9, their intervention was as parties-plaintiff permitted. 12. On the 7th day of December, 19^9, this Court rendered a written opinion determining that the original plaintiff and the intervening plaintiffs had not shown that defendants had unlawfully discriminated against them or other Negro children of public school age residing in the County of Arlingon, Virginia, On the 12th day of December, 19^-9, this Court entered a final judgment dismission the complaint and petitions. - 18 - �13. Said plaintiffs having appealed from the judgment aforesaid to the United States Court of Appeals for the Four-fo Circuit, said Court, on the 31st day of May, 1950, rendered an. opinion holding that defendants had denied, heeause of their race or color, said intervening plaintiffs, and other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities equal to those afforded and available to children of public school age residing in said County who are not negroes, which said opinion, and a mandate issued to this Court, reversed the aforesaid judgment of this Court and remanded the case to this Court for further proceedings in accordance with said opinion. 14. On the 8th day of September, 1950, this Court entered a judgment providing in part as follows: "Pursuant to said opinion and mandate, and sections 2201 and 2202 of Title £8 of the United States Code, it is DECLARED: "1. That the action of the defendants, and each of them, in denying, or in refusing or failing to afford, because of their race or color, plaintiffs Julius Brevard and Peggy Council, or any other Hegro child similarly situated, the same or equivalent public educational opportunities, advantages and facilities for a senior high school education as those afforded white children similarly situated, or in making any other distinction based upon race of color in any of the educational opportunities, advantages or facilities afforded by said de­ fendants for the public education of senior high school children residing in Arlington County, Virginia, has denied, and is denying, said plaintiffs, and other Negro children similarly situated, the equal protection of the laws secured by section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, and the rights secured by section tl of Title 8 of the United States Code: and "2. That the defendants must provide said plaintiffs, and all other Hegro children similarly situated, the same or equivalent public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities in conformity to the equal protection clause of section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Consti­ tution of the United States, and the provisions of section it1 of Title 8 of the United States Code, and must provide them as soon as they do for pupils of any ether group or race. "A. It is therefore ADJUDGED, ORDERED and DECREED that the defendants, the School Board of Arlington County, Virginia, and William A. Early, Division Superintendent of Schools of Arlington County, Virginia, and each of them, their successors in office, and their agents and employees, be, and they hereby are, permanently and perpetually restrained and enjoined forth­ with from denying, and from refusing or failing to afford. - 19 - * �"because of their race or color., said plaintiffs, or any other Negro child similarly situated, the same or equivalent public educational opportunities, advantages and facilities for a senior high school education as those afforded white children similarly situated, and from making any other distinction "based upon race or color in any of the opportunities, advantages or facilities provided "by said defendants for the public education of senior high school children residing in Arlington County, Virginia, * * * * * * * ” 15. Article IX, section 1 4 0 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth *-, of Virginia provides as follows? "White and colored children shall not be taught in the same school," The Code of Virginia of Title 22, Chapter 12, Article 1, section 22-221, provides as follows? t "White and colored persons shall not be taught in the same school, but shall be taught in separate schools, under the same general regulations as to management, usefulness and efficiency." l6o Defendants, and each of them, and their agents and employees, have pursued, and are pursuing, the policy, practice, custom and usage of establishing, maintaining and operating separate public schools for children of public school age who are and are not, considered to be of Negro descent, respec­ tively, residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, and of denying all Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing§in said County, because of their race or color, the right and privilege of attending the public senior high school, to-wit, the Washington-Lee High School, established, maintained and operated exclusively for children of public school age residing in said County who are not Negroes, and of compelling all Negro children residing in said County, including all infant interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, because of their race of color, to attend the senior high school department of a segregated public school, to-wit, the Hoffman-Boston High School, set apart for Negro students in said County0 17o Defendants, and each of them, and their agents and employees, have enforced, executed and pursued, and are enforcing, executing and pursuing, against infant interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age - 20 - �similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, the policy, practice, custom and usage of denying them because of their race or color, public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including, those hereinafter specified, equal to those afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes. The senior high school department of the Hoffman-Boston High School, which defendants, and each of them, and their agents and employees, require infant interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, to avail themselves, is unequal and inferior in plant, equipment, curricula, and in other opportunities, advantages and facilities, and in all other material respects, to the public senior high school established, maintained and operated for all other children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes. Infants interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, are required to avail them­ selves of said unequal and inferior opportunities, advantages and facilities because of their race or color. 18. Defendants, and each of them, and their agents and employees, have enforced, executed and pursued, and are enforcing, executing and pursuing, against adult interveners, and all other parents and guardians of Negro child­ ren of public school age similarly situated residing in the county of Arlington, Virginia, the policy, practice, custom and usage of denying them because of their race or color and/or the race and color of their respective children, rights and privileges of sending their respective children to a public senior high school in said County with educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes. 19o Defendants, and each of them, and their agents and employees, have pursued, and are pursuing, the policy, practice, custom and usage herein­ before specified in paragraph 16 hereof in the enforcement and execution of the - 21 - �laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia hereinbefore specified in paragraph 1J hereof, but for which laws defendants would not have pursued, and would not be now pursuing, the policies, practices, customs and usages hereinbefore specified in paragraph 16 to 18, inclusive, hereof, and would not have denied, and would not now deny, infant interveners, or other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, the right and privilege of attending the public senior high school established, maintained and operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes, and would not have deprived, and would not continue to deprive, infant interveners, or other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said county, of their rights secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States, as hereinbefore and herein­ after more fully set forth. 20. Infant interveners, and all other Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, are separated, segregated and excluded, as aforesaid , and they, and adult interveners, and all parents and guardians of Negro children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, are discriminated against, as aforesaid, on the basis of and because of their race or color.' 21. It is impossible for infant interveners, or any other Negro child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, to secure or obtain public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages or facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to those afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County who are not Negroes, or for adult interveners, or either or any of them, or any other parent or guardian of a Negro child or children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, to secure or obtain rights and privileges of sending their respective children to a public senior high school in said County with educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those herein­ before specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and - 22 - �23 facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, as long as defendants, or either of them, or their agents or employees, enforce or execute against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia specified in p aragraph 15 hereof, or either or any of then, or enforce, execute or pursue against t h e m the policy, practice, c u s t o m and usage specified in p aragraph 16 hereof, or in any other m a n n e r pursue any policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage of segregating students, on the basis of race or color, in the public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded students residing in said County. Infant interveners, and other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, can obtain equality of public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities in said County only if no distinction be m a d e on the basis of race or color in the consideration of applicants for admission as students to the public senior high school established, maintained and operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, and by the admission, e nrollm e n t and education of infant interveners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, to and in any public senior high school establi shed, maintained and operated for children of public .school age ‘ Similarly situated residing in said County or any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any other race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, e d u ­ cated and given therein, whether or not the discriminations specified in p a r a ­ graph 17 hereof are eliminated. 22. T h e action of defendants, and each of them, in enforcing and executing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia specified in para g r a p h 15 hereof, or either or any of them; and/or in otherwise acting pursuant to �24 said laws, or either or any of them, to preclude, on the basis of race or color, the admission, enrollment or education of infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said Gmnty, or either or any of them, to and in any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any other race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, educated and given therein; and/dr in enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, the policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage specified in p a r a ­ graph 16 hereof, and/or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age simi- ■ larly situated residing in said County, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage which prohibits theqi, because of their race or color, f r o m attending the| only public senior high school of said County affording a senior high school education equal to that afforded all other qualified students w h o are not Negroes, and/or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant inter­ veners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of then, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage which c o m p e l s them, because of their race or color, to attend the senior high school department of the segregated public school set apart forj N e g r o students in said County, and/or in establishing, enforcing, executing orj pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school a g e similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy , practice, c u s t o m or usage m a k i n g any distinction, on the basis of race or color, in the consideration of any applicant for admission as a student to any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group; and/or in establishing, enforcing executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age �25 similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage which precludes the admission, enrollment or education of infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, to and in the public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated of any other race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, educated or given therein, and/or in enforcing, ■executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of thesm, the policy, practice, c u s t o m and usage hereinbefore specified in paragraph 17 hereof, of denying them, because of their race or color, public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the public senior high school opportunities, advantages, and facilities afforded and avail­ able to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, and/or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age s i m i ­ larly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage of denying, or having the effect of denying, them, because of their race or color, public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the public senior high school educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes; and/or in m a k i n g any dis­ tinction, on the basis of race or color, in the consideration of infant inter­ veners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated r e ­ siding in said County, or either or any of then, as an applicant for admission is a student to any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said �26 County of any race, color or group, and/or in denying, refusing, or in any w a y hindering, because of their race or color, infant interveners, or either or any of them, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, admission, enrollment, or education to and in any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any other race or group are ad­ mitted, enrolled, educated and given therein, denies infant interveners, and other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privilege and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured by the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. 23. T h e action of defendants, and each of them, in enforcing, e x e c u ­ ting or pursuing against adult interveners, or any other parent or guardian of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the policy, practice, c u s t o m and usage hereinbefore specified in para g r a p h 18 hereof, of denying them, b e ­ cause of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective childdren, rights and privileges of sending their respective children to a public senior high school in said County with educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, or in establishing, enforcing executing or pursuing against adult interveners, or any other parent or guardian of N e g r o children of public school age similar­ ly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage of denying, or having the effect of denying, them, because of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective �27 children, rights and privileges of sending their respective dhildren t o a public senior high school in said County with educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, denies adult interveners, and other parents and guardians of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured b y the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured b y Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is for these reasons unconstitutional, and void. 24. Notwithstanding that the discriminations aforesaid have been of long standing, and have been the subject of complaint to defendants and their predecessors in office upon n u m e r o u s occasions in the past, and notwithstanding that it has been d e m a n d e d that defendants, and each of them, cease and desist therefrom, defendants, and each of them, continue to deny, because of their race or color, infant interveners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, the right and privilege of attending the public senior high school established, maintained and operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, and refuse and fail to act favorably upon such requests or dema n d s , and will continue to refuse and fail to admit any of t h e m to any public senior high school established, maintained and operated exclusively for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, because of the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia specified in p aragraph 15 hereof, and because of the policies, practices, c u s t o m s and usages specified in paragraphs 16 to 18, inclusive, hereof, and each defendant has continued and still continues to enforce and execute against infant inter­ veners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia specified in p aragraph 15 hereof, and to enforce, execute and pursue against t h e m the �28 policies, practices, c u s t o m s and usages aforesaid, and has m a d e , and continues to m a k e , the aforesaid and other distinctions because of race or color in the opport unities, advantages and facilities provided by t h e m for the public senior high school education of children of school age residing in said County. 25. Defendants, and each of them, will continue to enforce and e x e ­ cute against infant interveners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia specified in paragraph 15 hereof, and will continue to engage in other action pursuant to said laws, and will continue to pursue against t h e m the policies, practices, c u s t o m s and usages specified in p a ragraphs 16 to 18, inclusive, hereof, and will continue to deny t h e m admission, enrollment and education to and in any public senior high school established, maintained and operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, and will continue to discriminate against t h e m in the m a n n e r hereinbefore set forth unless restrained and enjoinec by this Court f r o m so doing. -26. Interveners, and those similarly situated and affected on wt^ise behalf this action is brought, are suffering irreparable injury and are threatened with irreparable injury in the future by reason of the laws, the policies, practices, c u s t o m s and usages, and the actions of defendants, herein complained of. T h e y have no plain, adequate or complete r e m e d y to redress th£ w r o n g s and illegal acts herein complained of other than this action for a declaratory judgment and an injunction. A n y other r e m e d y to w hich interveners and those similarly situated could be remitted would be attended by such u n ­ certainties and delay s as to deny substantial relief, would iqvtolve a multipli­ city of suits, and would cause further irreparable injury and occasion da m a g e , vexation and inconvenience, WHEREFORE, interveners respectfully pray that, upon the filing of this complaint as m a y appear prop e r and convenient to the Court: 1. T h e Court convene a three-judge District Court, as required by Title 28, United States Code, sections 2281 and 2284. �29 2. This Court advance this action on the docket and order a speedy hearing on this action according to law, and upon such hearing: . (a) This Court adjudge, decree and declare the rights and legal relations of the parties to the subject matter here in controversy in order that such declaration shall have the force and effect of a final judgment or decree. (b) This Court enter a judgment or decree declaring that the action of defendants, and each of the m, in enforcing or executing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia hereinbefore specified in paragraph 15 hereof, or either or any of them, and any and all action which precludes, on the basis of race or color, the admission, enrollment or education of infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, to and in any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and c o n ­ ditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any other race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, educated and given therein, denies infant interveners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property with­ out due process of law, and, the equal protection of the laws, secured by the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured b y Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. (c) This Court enter a judgment or decree declaring that the action of defendants, and each of them, in enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the policy, practice, c u s t o m and usage hereinbefore specified in paragraph 16 hereof, or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing aginst infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage which prohibits them, because of their race or color, f r o m attending the only public senior high school of said County affording a senior high school education equal to that afforded all other qualified students w h o are not Negroes, or in establishing, e n ­ forcing, executing or pursuing against infant inter­ veners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage which c o m p e l s them, because of their race or color, to �30 attend a segregated public senior high school set apart for N e g r o students in said County, or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage m a k i n g any distinction, on the basis of race or color, in the consideration of any a p ­ plicant for admission as a student to any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage w h ich precludes the admission, enrollment or education of them, or either or any of them, to and in any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any other, race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, educated and given therein, denies infant interveners, and other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities, as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured b y the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution ^of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is therefore unconstitutional and void. 9 (d) This Court enter a judgment or decree declaring that the action of defendants, or either of t h e m in m a k i n g any dis­ tinction, on the basis of race or color, in the consideration of infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, as an applicant for a d ­ mission as a student to any public senior high school esta­ blished, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, or in denying, refusing, or in any w a y hinder­ ing, because of their race or color, infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, admission, enrollment or education to and in any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e terms, and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County or any other race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, educated and given therein, denies infant interveners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured by the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1 and the rights secured b y Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. �31 (e) This Court enter a judgment or decree declaring that the action of defendants, or either of them, in enforcing, executing, or pursuing against adult interveners, or any other parent or guardian of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of thejn, the policy, practice, c u s t o m and usage hereinbefore speci­ fied in p aragraph 18 hereof, of denying them, because of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective children, rights and privileges of sending their respective children to a public senior high school in said County with educational opportuni­ ties, advantages and facilities, including those h e r e ­ inbefore specified, equal to the educational opportuni­ ties, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against adult interveners, or any other parent or guardian of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either of any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage of denying, ar having the effect of denying, them, because of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective children rights and privilege of sending their respective children to any public senior high school in said County with educational opportunities, advantages and facilities, including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, denies adult interveners, and other parents and guardians of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured by the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured b y Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. (f) This Court enter a p e r m a n e n t injunction perpetually restaining and enjoining defendants, and each of them, their successors in office, and their agents and employees, forthwith, f r o m enforcing or executing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in the C ounty of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the laws of the C o m m o n w e a l t h of Virginia h e r e ­ inbefore specified in p aragraph 15 hereof, or either or any of them, and f r o m any and all action pursuant to said laws, or either or any of them, w h ich precludes, on the basis of race or color, the admission, enroll­ m e n t or education of infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, to and in any public senior high school established, m a i n ­ tained or operated for childrep of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race. �32 color or group, at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment, that children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any other race, color or group are admitted, enrolled, educated and given therein, upon the ground that such laws deny infant interveners, and all other N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and prop erty without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured by the F o u r ­ teenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured by Title 8, United States Code, section 41. (g) ' This Court enter a p e r m a n e n t injunction perpetually restraining and enjoining defendants, and each of them, their successors in office, and their agents and employees, forthwith, f r o m enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in the County of Arlington, Virginia, or either or any of them, the policy, practice, c u s t o m and usage herein­ before specified in paragraph 16 hereof, and f r o m establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage w h ich prohibits then, because of their race or color, f r o m attending the only public senior high school of said County affording a secondary E d u ­ cation equal to that afforded all other qualified students w h o are not Negroes, and f r o m establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage which c o m p e l s them, because of their race or color, to attend a segregated public senior . high school set apart for N e g r o students in said County, and f r o m establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage m a k i n g any distinction, on the basis of race or color, in the consideration of any applicant for admission as a student to any public senior high s chool established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or groip, or in establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against infant interveners, or any other N e g r o child of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage w hich precludes the admission, enroll­ m e n t or education of them, or either or any of them, to and in any public senior high school established, maintained or operated for children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County of any race, color or groupi at the s a m e time, and under the s a m e t e r m s and conditions, and with the s a m e treatment , that children of public school age similarly situated �33 r e s i d in g in s a id C ounty of any o th e r r a c e , c o lo r o r g ro u p a r e a d m itte d , e n r o lle d , e d u c a te d and giv en th e r e in , upon th e g ro u n d th a t s u c h p o lic ie s , p r a c t i c e s , c u s to m s and u s a g e s , and e a c h of th e m , deny in f a n t .i n t e r v e n e r s , and o th e r N e g ro c h ild r e n of p u b lic s c h o o l ag e s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s i d in g in s a id C ounty, t h e i r p r i v il e g e s and im m u n itie s a s c itiz e n s of th e U n ited S ta te s , t h e i r lib e r ty a n d p r o p e r ty w ith o u t due p r o c e s s of law , and th e e q u a l p ro te c tio n of the la w s, s e c u r e d by th e F o u r ­ te e n th A m e n d m e n t of th e C o n fu ta tio n of the U nited S ta te s , s e c ti o n 1, a n d the r i g h ts s e c u r e d by T itle 8, U n ited S ta te s C o d e , s e c tio n 41, and a r e t h e r e f o r e u n c o n s titu tio n a l and v o id , (h) T h is C o u rt e n te r a p e r m a n e n t in ju n c tio n p e r p e tu a lly r e s t r a i n i n g a n d e n jo in in g d e fe n d a n ts , and e a c h of t h e m , t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s in o ffic e , and t h e i r a g e n ts and e m p lo y e e s , fo rth w ith , fr o m m a k in g any d is tin c tio n , on th e b a s i s of r a c e o r c o lo r , in the c o n s id e r a tio n of in fa n t i n te r v e n e r s , o r any o th e r N e g ro c h ild s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s i d in g in th e C ounty of A rlin g to n , V irg in ia ! o r e it h e r o r any of th e m , a s a n a p p lic a n t f o r a d m i s s io n a s a s tu d e n t to any p u b lic s e n i o r h ig h s c h o o l e s ta b lis h e d , m a in ta in e d o r o p e ra te d f o r c h ild r e n of p u b lic s c h o o l age s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s id in g in s a id C ounty of any r a c e , c o lo r o r g ro u p , and fro m d e n y in g , r e fu s in g , o r in any w ay h in d e rin g , b e c a u s e of t h e i r r a c e o r c o lo r , in fa n t i n te r v e n e r s , o r any o th e r N e g ro c h ild of p u b lic s c h o o l age s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s id in g in s a id C ounty, o r e it h e r o r any of th e m , a d m is s io n , e n r o llm e n t o r e d u c a tio n to and in any p u b lic s e n i o r h ig h s c h o o l e s ta b lis h e d , i m a in ta in e d o r o p e r a te d fo r c h ild r e n of p u b lic s c h o o l age s i m i l a r l y s itu a te d r e s i d in g in s a id C ounty of any r a c e , c o lo r o r g ro u p , a t th e s a m e tim e , and u n d e r th e s a m e t e r m s and c o n d itio n s , and w ith th e s a m e tr e a tm e n t, th a t c h ild r e n o f p u b lic sc h o o l age s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s i d in g in s a id C ounty of any o th e r r a c e , c o lo r o r g ro u p a r e a d m itte d , e n r o lle d , e d u c a te d and g iv e n t h e r e in upon th e g ro u n d th a t s u c h a c tio n d e n ie s in fa n t i n t e r ­ v e n e r s , a n d o th e r N e g ro c h ild r e n s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s i d in g in s a id C o u n ty , t h e i r p r i v il e g e s and im m u n itie s a s c it i z e n s of th e U n ited S ta te s , t h e i r l ib e r t y and p r o p e r t y w ith o u t due p r o c e s s of law , and th e e q u a l p r o ­ te c tio n of th e la w s , s e c u r e d by th e F o u r te e n th A m e n d ­ m e n t of th e C o n s titu tio n of th e U n ite d S ta te s , s e c tio n 1, and th e r i g h ts s e c u r e d by T itle 8, U n ited S ta te s C ode, s e c tio n 41, and i s f o r th e s e r e a s o n s u n c o n s titu tio n a l a n d v o id . (i) T h is C o u rt e n t e r a p e r m a n e n t in ju n c tio n p e r p e tu a lly r e s tr a in in g a n d e n jo in in g d e fe n d a n ts , and e a c h of th e m , t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s in o ffic e , and t h e i r a g e n ts and e m p lo y e e s , fo rth w ith , fro m e n fo rc in g , e x e c u tin g o r p u r s u in g a g a in s t a d u lt i n te r v e n e r s , o r any o th e r p a r e n t o r g u a rd ia n of N e g ro c h ild r e n of p u b lic s c h o o l a g e s i m il a r ly s itu a te d r e s i d in g in th e C ounty of A rlin g to n , V irg in ia , o r e it h e r o r any of th e m , the p o lic y , p r a c t i c e , c u s to m and u s a g e h e r e in b e f o r e s p e c if ie d in p a r a g r a p h 18 h e r e o f , of d e n y in g th e m , b e c a u s e of t h e i r r a c e o r c o lo r , a n d / o r th e r a c e o r c o lo r of t h e i r r e s p e c t iv e c h ild r e n , r i g h ts and p r i v il e g e s o f se n d in g t h e i r r e s p e c t iv e c h il d ­ r e n to a p u b lic s e n i o r h ig h s c h o o l ip s a id C ounty w ith �34 educational opportunities, advantages and facilities including those hereinbefore specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, and f r o m establishing, enforcing, executing or pursuing against adult interveners, or any other parent or guardian of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, or either or any of them, any other policy, practice, c u s t o m or usage of denying, or having the effect of denying, them, because of their race or color and/or the race or color of their respective children, rights and privileges of sending their respective children to a public senior high school in said County with e d u c a ­ tional opportunities, advantages and facilities, in­ cluding those hereinbefore specified, equal to the educational opportunities, advantages and facilities afforded and available to children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County w h o are not Negroes, upon the ground that such policies, practices, c u s t o m s and usages, and each of them, deny adult inter­ veners, and other parents and guardians of N e g r o children of public school age similarly situated residing in said County, their privileges and immunities as citizens of the United States, their liberty and property without due process of law, and the equal protection of the laws, secured by the Fourteenth A m e n d m e n t of the Constitution of the United States, section 1, and the rights secured b y Title 8, United States Code, section 41, and is for these reasons unconstitutional and void. (j) This Court allow interveners their costs herein, and grant such further, other, additional or alternative relief as m a y appear to the Court to be equitable and just in the premises. /s/ Oliver W . Oliver W . 623 North Richmond /s/ Martin A. Martin A. 626 North Richmond, Hill Hill Third Street 19, Virginia Martin_____ Martin Third Street Virginia /s/ Spottswood W . Robinson, III Spotiswood W . Robinson, III 623 North Third Street R i c h m o n d 19, Virginia /s/ L e o n A. R a n s o m L e o n A. R a n s o m 1939 Thirteenth Street, N. W . Washington, D. C. Counsel for Interveners. � https://projectdaps.org/files/original/a43f032f11575f00ce9b182f7c74a5ac.jpg 37341e294650ee42bc6dd583f871107e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil Action No. 331 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Columbia, Alexandria Division Description An account of the resource Move for applicants to intervene as plaintiffs in addition to Constance Carter in Civil Action 331 against the School Board of Arlington County. 34 pages Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Counsel for Interveners, Oliver W. Hill; Martin A. Martin; Spottswood W. Robinson, III; Leon A. Ranson Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant unknown (1950s?) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington Public Schools Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_2_1 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/e76a1c2dcf341098d7a8d6ab2960eb23.jpg 046aff74168574ffdd19654985ddf3f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 307, The George Melvin Richardson Collection Description An account of the resource Papers donated by George Melvin Richardson, former principal of Hoffman-Boston Junior-Senior High School. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Classroom Description An account of the resource Female student raising her hand in a science classroom at Hoffman-Boston. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Black and white photograph Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 307, The George Melvin Richardson Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Photograph Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 307_0024 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/11546cdec14034cb8c5973c575db1ce5.jpg aa8b94b5cc0602b4e6b448468350cfc4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 307, The George Melvin Richardson Collection Description An account of the resource Papers donated by George Melvin Richardson, former principal of Hoffman-Boston Junior-Senior High School. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Classroom Description An account of the resource Students at desks in classroom in Hoffman-Boston. A map of the Commonwealth of Virginia is visible in background. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Black and white photograph Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 307, The George Melvin Richardson Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Photograph Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 307_0025 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/2ab8d324539ec6822680afe7a2fdee32.pdf 106da998406a6cac9b6ad19df14ac9b7 PDF Text Text Clerk's Notes of Proceedings Regular Session of the Arlington County Board held on Saturday, May 20. I9 6 I I N D E X Page Invocation Analysis of Contingent Account Payrol1 and Bills Board Member Reports Presentation of Books by Unknown Soldiers Post #44, American Legion U-1429-61-1: Request of Northeastern Petroleum, Inc. U-1436-61-1: Request of Stanley L. Calvert U-1437-61-1: Requestof Fields & Thomas, Inc. U-1438-61-1: Requestof Hitt Decorating & Contracting Co., Inc. U-1439"61-1: Request of Marvin C. Cowherd Appeal of Edward Johnson from Denial of Public Vehicle Driver's License Public Hearing: Solicitors Ordinance Public Hearing: Proposed Amendment to Fire Prevention Code Request for deferral of hearing on amendment to raise maximum speeds Letter re. use of schools for church services Appointments to Board of Control for the Establishment of a Northern Virginia Col 1ege World Conference of Local Governments Dinner Resolutions Authorizing the Issuance and Sale of Water and Sewer Bonds Letters requesting action to prevent sale of alcoholic beverages in close proximity to schools Recommendation for purchase of Investment Building Vx-'4)eseqregation of Park aad-RecreatToo_£ acij.itj.es Summer Meeting Schedule Snow Emergency Plans Proposed Amendment to Ordinance relative to Care of Premises Employment of Architects for proposed County improvements Annual Audit Placing of Utility Poles in Rights of Way Request for R-5 Zoning in Cherrydale Administrative Iterns . . . . Analysis of Hammer Report re. Real Estate Investment Feasibility in the Clarendon-Bal1ston Areas Adjournment j I j j 2 2 3 6 5 6 6 7 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 ^ 17 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 18: Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clerk's Notes of Proceedings, Regular Session of the Arlington County Board, May 20, 1961. Description An account of the resource Index (agenda). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 18, Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arlington County Board, Clerk. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961-05-20 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18_2_1_6_6 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/f74e203626844826547a204a829bd327.pdf 64794ccaa3a4a71a77a0165b20352372 PDF Text Text ��������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 18: Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Comic: "The Street Where You Live and What You Can Do to Improve It", April 1960. 15 pages. Description An account of the resource Comic book, drawn by Black cartoonist Tom Feelings, and produced by the NAACP in 1960 to explain importance of registering to vote and the impact voting can have on civil rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 18, Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NAACP Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18_1_1_9_37 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/678e4c58674897943f62058eabe9f62d.pdf 7345ce8cd65e7a173d4f07fce33f49fd PDF Text Text "I hope that no one will feel that this is a great victory for public schools, for it is not. It is a transitional program. Its fate in the courts and in actual practice is far from certain. Citizen support of public education must remain strong and grow even stronger. "The Virginia Committee for Public Schools has "been the most effective new instrument to come into being. It must not be dissolved, but should be kept alive and active." Katheryn Stone Delegate from Arlington "In the midst of the desegregation furor the Virginia Committee for Public Schools can best be described as repre­ senting the organized common sense of Virginia... "Much will depend during the coming year on the strength and further growth of this committee." Benjamin Muse Washington Post TREASURER’S REPORT (As of May 19, 1939) Total Receipts (including Organizing Committee) Expenditures Adverti sement Long distance telephone Printing & mimeographing Postage, mailing & P. 0. Box Rental & janitor service (Meeting halls) Secretarial services Stationery & supplies Subscriptions to publications Television slides * Travel Virginia Committee for Public Schools $ 4.721.U1 $ 15^.70 109.11 758.72 ^36.03 70.00 6.50 75.82 15.20 15.00 12U.05 2 ,300.00 U,065.13 Present Balance 656.28 Estimated cost of present mailing 150.00 Anticipated balance $ 506.28 * Represents but small part of actual travel performed by members of Committee. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commendation and Treasurer's Report as of May 19, 1959 Description An account of the resource Quotations from Katheryn Stone, Delegate from Arlington, and Benjamin Muse, Washington Post, commending the committee. Treasurer's Report. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-4-30 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_4_10 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/871aa521dc878d9302a2c56fea3d6bc4.pdf 323920c347254d6038ab61d97d16716c PDF Text Text /{l/lawi Comments oa the W. f L . c High Schools Ooiot to College High school students thinking of going to college usually write several colleges asking for entrance require ments, etc. As a result of these Inquiries 173 institutions reported that they would take 652 I t L graduates for the 1954-55 graduating class. See the list attached. Colleges offering to accept W. L L. students are not only located all over the Nation, but include the outstanding colleges is the Nation in technical fields, in the arts, and in the applied science fields. Actually 416 of these students entered 12t of these colleges is the Fall. See list attached. Again the range in location and type of colleges actually entered is a Isost as broad as the colleges accepting ». & L. graduates. The following table shows the major types of schools 1 1 1 graduates is 1954-55 Intend to enter, and what these who didn't plan on going to college intended to do. To summarise, 497 intended to go to college, la the normal meaning of that phrase, 6 others went to the military and naval academy, 43 entered such specialised fields as nursing schools, business schools, and prep schools, while 13 entered highly specialised fields in Higher Education. Attachments �ARLINGTON COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS WASHINGTON-LBB HIGH SCHOOL Guidance Department Ueport on June 1988 Graduate* June 14, 1955 Nunber in Class ........ .............................. 855 Number of survey forms completed ................ .... Number who did not complete surveys .................. 831 m Number who graduated ....................... .......... 828 Number of students planning to go to college.... 494 Number to academies: West Point .......... Naval A c a d e m y .... .......... 4 2 Number to Nursing Schools ....................... 13 Number to Prep Schools ....................... 16 Number to Business Schools ............... 14 Number to Junior Colleges ........... Higher Education (Miscellaneous) 3 ................. 13 Total Number to Colleges and Higher Education ...559 Based on number who received diplomas ............ 68% Number to permanent employment ......... Number to Armed S e r v i c e s .... .......... ..199 45 Harried .................................... 3 Work - then to college .................... 10 Indefinite Plans ........ 15 Note: At this time we do not have specific colleges tabulated where our students are attending. This should be available in a week. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Description An account of the resource This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Comments On The W. & L. High Schools Goint(sp) to College, June 14, 1955 Description An account of the resource Comments On The 1955 W. & L. High School senior students planning to attend college, June 14, 1955. Mentions the number going to various college, armed services, prep schools, academies, etc. 2 pages. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arlington County Public Schools, Washington-Lee High School Guidance Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955-06-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 19_1_7_1_20 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/125caa6125fbbc993a6a4bcd37ff9754.pdf 969925c10d76fdee8044f44f9347f41a PDF Text Text (SommiTlet’ jv? 4934 NO. 27T H XL-chicalio n STREET ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22207 y L/O ( 7. / y j b , ( ^L-c L J cv J^^ l Z 2 2 0 ^7 �On February 9, Senator Walter Mondale (D-Minn.) introduced S- 683, the School Integration bill, into this session of Congress. As chairman of the Senate Select Sub-committee on Equal Educational Opportunity, Senator Mondale; presided over months of hearings in 1970. hearings. CEE has a complete record of those If this bill passes as proposed, it will provide for 6% of its funding to be made available to assist citizens' groups such as CEE in their efforts to accomplish successful integration where public officials have stalled. These funds would not be subject to the approval of local officials. We are in touch by phone and by mail with Senator Mondale's staff, and plan a meeting with them. We will follow this bill with interest. As we studied the problems encountered by the Drew children, both in elementary school and as they go on to secondary schools, questions arose about our whole school system. Doubts were raised as to whether many of the average children receive what they need,1 much less the child whose special problems we were thinking of when we set out to work for equality of educational opportunity. Politics of budgeting, constant local elections, thinly disguised racism, teacher assignment and autonomous principalships appear to play some part in the management of our school system. There is evidence in some cases that the goal is to maintain an appearance of order, rather than a realistic appraisal of problems and an effort to solve them. We want to challenge one rumor based on misunderstanding of our motives^ It is being said that CEE.is "...trying to promote busing all over the county." That vague bit of nonsense is not our goal. We have drawn up no plans of our own, nor do we support as yet any particular plan for the desegregation of Drew. We are trying to inform ourselves and others in order to arrive at a decision about what is best for all. busing. We are not in business to promote We are promoting brotherhood, equal educational opportunity, more responsive public systems, and school integration. We feel the latter is quite compatible with positive educational gains, if we all work together. During the last election, certain irresponsible candidates implied in their campaigns that to ride a school bus was somehow a horror you should spare your child at all costs. This played on the fears of people already fearful and confused, and did nothing to ease the confusion. Groups such as ours have much work to do to undo the false implications these candidates fed. They may have benefitted from their action; how many less fortunate, less powerful people — how many children — lost? Financial support of CEE is essential. * Considering the cost of postage alone, this effort is ex,ensive. Checks sho Id be made out to the Committee for Equal Education, and sent to 493^ N. 27th Street, Arlin;ton 22207. Thank Youl �COMMITTEE FOR EQUAL EDUCATION - Arlington, Va Report to members - February 1971 Activity has continued in the three sub-committees of the Committee for Equal Education. We visited the Office of Education and the Office of Civil Ri-hts to ask about Arlington's compliance with Civil Rights laws. At OCR, we were given the current distribution by race of pupils and teachers in the Arlington schools. We also obtained a very helpful pamphlet, "Schools Can 3e Desegregated," a copy of which was mailed to everyone on CEE's mailing list. Anyone who wants to be prepared to comment on what should be done at Drew will find this pamphlet useful. Copies may be obtained from the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, by calling 3^2-3392, or from Marianne Karydes, 336-9448. Certain information is still denied to this committee by the School Administration. Our PLANS sub-committe*e tf&nts to be able to make informed oroposals about the desegregation of Drew, and needs the maps which show on a house-by-house basis where the children live who attend school at Drew and in the surrounding areas. Changing boundary lines in any way (if this is to be nart of the solution) requires knowing what children will be affected by any change. The maps are among the information refused us "because of pending litigation." We consider them public information, and feel we have both a right and a need to use them. When we do get them, the PLANS group will try its hand at forming alternative proposals for Drew. If you are interested in helping with this work, call Mrs. Benny Parker at 920-8473. CEE members feared from the beginning that if the problem of desegregating Drew were left for the courts to resolve there would be a long delay, during which time ignorance of facts, confusion, apathy, and lack of leadership would create an atmosphere of public misunderstanding which would prevent acceptance of change or cooperation in bringing it about. CEE was founded to build community support for and involvement in the needed changes in the Drew area. We wanted to work to assure that those changes would bring positive educational ^ benefits to all the children involved. Arlington when the job was done. Above all, we wanted to be proud of Our BRIDGE-BUILDERS sub-committee, led by Mrs. George Booth, has begun the task of contacting PTA, church, and other groups to offer a presentation of the case for integration at Drew. Our discussion leaders are provided with a kit of background information about Drew and the course of integration in Arlington. If you are interested, call Mrs. Booth at 536-^277* The PUBLIC APFEARANCES sub-comrr.itsj^eg-; led by Ken Law, appeared before the �School Board several times and met with Dr. Chisholm in an effort to gather the information we needed.. In December, we submitted to the Board a list of questions related to equality of educational opportunity in Arlington's schools. The Board had no basis for refusal of these questions, as they did not relate specifically to Drew. In about six weeks' time we did receive most of the information we requested about the Arlington schools. We have never been able to get the Administration to discuss its plans (if there are any) for the Drew situation, however. Their attorneys have advised them not to release "...information pertaining to the case;-" that is, the Drew parents' suit for the integration of their school. There is a difference of opinion among attorneys as to how strictly this legal advice to the Board must be interpreted. Many feel it is a guideline, within which a Board which really wanted to be responsive could use its own judgment about releasing information. A case also be made for the point that the Board, in refusing to serve a portion of the public (the Drew parents), and in actually spending public money to defend itself in this refusal, may be misusing that portion of school funds which go toward this defense. In April 1968, the Virginia General Assembly approved t- o02, fM known as the "Virginia Freedom of Information Act," which you will find as Chapter V?9 of the Acts of the Assembly for that year. It requires that meetings and official records of agencies, boards, commissions, be open to the public, fhere are exceptions, but the intent of the act is to make public information available to the public. This act has not yet been tested in court. One possibility for obtaining the maps may be for us to initiate a court test of this act. At this time, all we know about the expected decision of the Supreme Cou-. t in the Charlotte-kecklenberg cases is that it will probably come no later than June. (These were the cases, heard in October 1970, asking clarification of how much racial balance is required by law in public schools, and what means may or may not be employed to achieve it.) The Drew suit, Hart vs. the Arlington School Board, to be heard in the Alexandria District Court, will probably not be heard until after the Supreme Court decision is handed down. PJstimates on when the Drew suit will be heard now run from six months to a year, although a date may soon be set. The School Board will take no action until after there are decisions in both cases, which is reasonable from an administrative point of view. however. * It is hard on those who sit and wait, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee for Equal Education Packet, February 25, 1971 Description An account of the resource Letter and report to members regarding Committee for Equal Education's effort to desegregate Drew School. 4 pages Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Committee on Equal Education Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-2-25 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_3_20 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/e9ca22c175736acedb87aa148345080c.pdf 598ec69d3532ba606825d80c637ff6cf PDF Text Text COMMITTED MEETING OF'APRIL 25, 1950 present: The Rev. Paul Hunter, Lyle Bryant, Mr, and Mrs. Fowler, Mr. Charles R. kebb,Mrs. Ruth holt, Mrs. Cecil “aurieo, Mrs. Milo Sonen, Prof. xra ^ibtonr., Mr. and “ra. “arold I . Johnson, . r tyrant Clark, « ', and Barbaras• Marx , see stary pro ten. Before the -meeting opened the “ev. JIunter told us about iatertacifl work of the ongregntionalists. Ho said there has been a congregational Inter acial fellowship in "ashington for C5 years. Mrs. “olt told of Unitarian interracial dinner meeting “unday npril 25, There is an Interr ciul commission of the 1rl. °ouncil of Churches. Mr. Bryant called the meeting to order and the minutes of the last meeting . e e read. .r, Mrs. Truth o lor reported that the ..rl. ..oerican Association of Univeroity V.onen now has two “egro members; Miss James and -rs, Alice Fleet. She mentioned the Unitarian summer project, a too to three ueelc vaca­ tion school for children through the sixth grads. The school will Include "egro children this year as it did last, (Last year the school was held in the district, this year it will be at the Unitarian Church) Ur. Bryant explained that our main job at this meeting is to try to identify t i major problems of the "egro community in Arlington. o Mr. obb said that housing statistics are available at the Carvor housing project, but these have not been analysed. Mr. ebb distributed co hos of a list of suggestions for our group. Wo discussed briefly the type and quality of the ■rl. Police. The “ desirability of having several “egcrea on the force was pointed out. Some one said that Police Chief Moodyard had said this as out of the uootlon because of the .camll percentage of the population which ia colored. Prof, uib.ons classified our problems as falling into throe categories: Citizenship st. tus education hoononic and social Housing Mr. Clark reported tiiat he had discus; ed our committee with the Hall's veteran org.. They consider housing the biggest problem, ur. “lurk with others nu.demin. Informal survey in “all's Hill. They found 52 atlrp. M , ’u i t r i .. IIO ! s . .r g0tw 0p the bettor hones ore overcrowded. There are nine recognised Negro churches in Arlington* and bout two dozen unrecognized, (There are five unrecognized churc .so in all's Hill) A year ago hr. Horton talk on the halls hill housing situation* at a County hoard ideating. Tue County manager asked where would the people go if wo pushed than out. F'iw OMy* The question of the ilall«s Hill is coming up at the next hoard meeting. Bill Mr. ebb reported that all the teacher: now neat together In in-service tralii7* Howent on to point out that we snould liave criteri* for Judging 1 Lousing* � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 18: Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee Meeting of April 25, 1950 Description An account of the resource Meeting minutes for an unnamed committee of the Arlington Branch, NAACP, held April 25, 1950. Barbara Marx is listed as secretary. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950-4-25 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 18, Personal Papers of Barbara Marx Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barbara Marx Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18_1_1_2_2 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/e58de7a1a027e7384036af4879d9df3f.pdf 9c236df203e1d2e9e16ba3ad127f9d31 PDF Text Text COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE THE PUBLIC Name and Address Home telephone number BOZMAN, Ellen (Mrs. William H.) 4219 N. 39th St. SCHOOLS Office telephone n , o Kenmore 8-4070 BUCHOLZ,.leone (Mrs. H. F.) Otis 4-8383 2721 S. Arlington Ridge Rd. CAMPBELL, Edmund D. 2912 N. Glebe Road Kenmore 6-8651 National 8-2155 COX, Warren E. 2808 S. Ives Street Otis 4-8319 Exec. 3-4160 #4510 COOPER, Wesley W. 906 N. Longfellow FRANZ, Richard L. 3050 S. Woodrow Jefferson 2-6683 Jackson 5-4900 Overlook 3-0643 Sterling 3-9200 #3871 Kenmore 8-5295 Jackson 7-4487 Kenmore 8-4579 Kenmore 8-4405 HERMAN, Irving M. 5932.North Fourth St. LIGHTSEY, William M. 231 N. Evergreen Jackson 8-9215 Sterling 3-7373 #8169 Jackson 8-4592 Republic 7-4142 #5959 LILLYWHITE B. Alden $19 N. Oakland Jackson 8-1466 Exec. 3-6300 #5062 'LINDGREN, Paul 3820 N. Chesterbrook Rd. Kenmore 8-5853 Jackson 5-7933 ■MANNING, Nan (Mrs. J. Lawrence) 617 N. Jackson McCAHILL, William P. (Col.) 5612 - 23rd St. No. McGRATH, Hugh 3153 Key Blvd. PARLI, Richard 4671 N. Dittmar Rd. Jackson 7-0921 GROOM, Fuller 4931 - 33rd Road North HARRELL, Paul, Rev. J. J __ , 4739 N. Dittmar Road Kenmore 6-9472 Exec. 3-2420 #3401 Jackson 8-1877 Kenmore 8-4421 Jackson 2-8140 POMEROY, Myrtice G. (Mrs. F.S.) 5245 Old Dominion Dr. No. Kenmore 8-7111 Exec. 3-6400 #4227 STAHL, 0. Glenn 3600 N. Piedmont Jackson 8-0761 Sterling 3-5200 #5403 WEIHE, Elizabeth (Mrs. Vernon) 4133 N. 33rd Road Jackson 7-5146 3 HENLE, Theda ~ • (Mrs.) (Peter) 4224 - 23rd St. No. Jackson 7-4508 — � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee to Preserve the Public Schools Member List Description An account of the resource Name, Address, Home Telephone Number, and Office Telephone Number, of members of the Committee to Preserve the Public Schools Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Committee to Preserve the Public Schools Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant unknown Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_4_13 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/40b348150c87ba701637750bdc3df0fb.pdf 1de48e1658e87b480fa269573a762f3c PDF Text Text COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS Name and Address Home telephone number BOZMAN, Ellen (Mrs. William H.) 4219 N. 39th St. Office telephone n , o Kenmore 8-4070 — — BUCHOLZ,.Leone (Mrs. H. F.) Otis 4-8383 2721 S. Arlington Ridge Rd. CAMPBELL, Edmund D. 29X2 N. Glebe Road Kenmore 6-8651 National 8-2155 COX, Warren E. 2808 S. Ives Street Otis 4-8319 Exec. 3-4160 #4510 COOPER, Wesley W. 906 N. Longfellow FRANZ, Richard L. 3050 S. Woodrow Jefferson 2-6683 Jackson 5-4900 Overlook 3-0643 Sterling 3-9200 #3871 GROOM, Fuller 4931 - 33rd Road North Kenmore 8-5295 Jackson 7-4487 HARRELL, Paul, Rev. , 4739 N, Dittmar Road Kenmore 8-4579 Kenmore 8-4405 HERMAN, Irving M. 5932> North Fourth St. Jackson 8-9215 Sterling 3-7373 #8169 LIGHTSEY, William M . . 231 N. Evergreen Jackson 8-4592 Republic 7-4142 #5959 LILLTWHITE B. Alden $19 N. Oakland Jackson 8-1466 Exec. 3-6300 #5062 'LINDGREN, Paul 3820 N. Chesterbrook Rd. Kenmore 8-5853 Jackson 5-7933 ■MANNING, Nan (Mrs. J. Lawrence) 617 N. Jackson McCAHILL, William P. (Col.) 5612 - 23rd S . No. t' MoGRATH, Hugh 3153 Key Blvd. PARLI, Richard 4671 N. Dittmar Rd. Jackson 7-0921 — h. J__ Kenmore 6-9472 Exec. 3-2420 #3401 Jackson 8-1877 Kenmore 8-4421 Jackson 2-8140 POMEROY, Myrtice G. (Mrs. F.S.) 5245 Old Dominion Dr. No. Kenmore 8-7111 Exec. 3-6400 #4227 STAHL, 0. Glenn 3600 N. Piedmont Jackson 8-0761 Sterling 3-5200 #5403 WEIHE, Elizabeth (Mrs. Vernon) 4133 N. 33rd Road Jackson 7-5146 3 HENLE, Theda - ' (Mrs.) (Peter) 4224 - 23rd St. No. Jackson 7-4508 — � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee to Preserve the Public Schools Member List Description An account of the resource Name, Address, Home Telephone Number, and Office Telephone Number, of members of the Committee to Preserve the Public Schools Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Committee to Preserve the Public Schools Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant unknown Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_4_14 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/dc5cf6d45ca4419f5f855d291c69f42e.pdf bf843f18432cae2e57653dd068b13c54 PDF Text Text Committee to Study Probloaa of Integration In the Arlington Public Schools Appointed June 12, 195^ Chalrsrans Sr, Joseph 0. McCa.skill, U6^k Ho, 26th St., -----Offloes EH 7-1820, Ext. V*76 Ball, Prank L., Sr. Burton, Mrs. B. A. Bavin, Mrs. A. J. E. Poster, Bev. William H. Prisbie. Alfred E. Groom, Col. J. Puller Hanoook, George Holland, Edwin I. Jacobs, Mrs. Haskell Johnson, Sr. Harold MaoPheraon, Mrs. Colin C. Pollard, Joooo Higdon, Mrs. James S. Schwarts, Br. Haymond Shirley, Mrs. Mary Sweeney, Claude A. Taylor, Theodore V. Tuthill, Br. Curtis E. Watt, Mrs. William G. IU37 Ho. Court House Ed. 9TO Ho. Livingston St. 5210 Ho. 27th St. 1106 Ho. Inglewood St. 636 So. 25 th St. 206 Badio Building 3^iO So. 22»d St. 2926 Columbia Pika 6 teh Ho. 26th St. 2901 Ho. Lexington St. 6201 Ho. ISth Boad ljlh So. Poe St. h223 Ho. 2nd Boad 1301 Ho. Highland St. 1962 Ho. Culpepper St. 1726 Ho. Cameron St. 706 Ho. Frederick St. 5612 Ho. 2hth St. 1600 Ho, Highland St. Staff Members: Blue, Victor, Jr. Halstead, Mrs. Eathor Lambert, Miss Lillian Loving, Miss Sally Blehordson, George Wolfo, Miss Lena 9517 So. Uth Street 2«52 So. Lowell St. 625 Ho. Emerson St. 5617 Ho. Washington Blvd. 2h21 So. Lowell St. 1763 Queen’ Lens s � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools Appointed June 12, 1954 Description An account of the resource List of members and respective addresses of appointed members to the committee Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-6-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington Public Schools Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_5_1 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/9ba50f2c59c8b0d5ce52286dbb3bb6ca.pdf 4fb44ddc08134a64abc982e171167f82 PDF Text Text Qjl [C •— Committee to Study Problems of Integration', in the, Arlington Public Schools Appointed June 12, 1954 by Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, and T. Edward Rutter, Superintendent of Schools Prank L. Ball, Sr., 1437 North Court House Road, senator. Attorney, former State Victor Blue, Jr.r 5517 South 4th Street, Health and physical education teacher at Wakefield junior-senior high school. Rev. Jackson A. Browne, 2706 24th Road, South. Immediate past president of the Arlington Ministerial Association} minister of Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church, Mrs. R. A. Burton, 940 North Livingston Street. Association of University Women, — Jofronh ■ H.-'Cagmz6133„Hcacth 12th Street. Washington builder-;—^ 3 Member of the American Employed by Edward R. Carr. Inc., Dr. Claire Christman. 1S00 North Edison Street. school health services. Mrs. A. J. E. Davis, 5210 North 27th Street. Arlington Council of Church Women, Director, Arlington public First vice-president of the Rev. William H. Foster, 1106 North Inglewood Street, Presbyterian Church. /'''Alfred E. Friable, 6 3 6 25th Street, South, the Arlington County Board. 2„0ol. J. Fuller Groom, 206 Radio Building. Northern Virginia Real Estate Board. Broker, former chairman of Realtor and member of the Mrs. Esther Halstead. 2452 South Lowell Street. . ggKooI."""'— Pastor of Trinity Teacher at Drew Elementary George Hancock, Executive Secretary, Veterans1 Memorial YMCA, 3 4 4 0 22nd Street, South. {.J!dwin T. Holland, President, Old Dominion Bank, 2926 Columbia Pike. Mrs. Haskell Jacobs, 6424 North 26th Street, Immediate past vice-president of the Women's League, Arlington-Fairfax Jewish Center. S~- �Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools - 2 . (P Dr. Harold Johnson, 2901 Worth Lexington Street. Physician and chair­ man of the Board of Managers, Veterans' Memorial XM3A. Miss__Lillian Lambert^ 625 North Emerson Street. Elementary School, Principal of Fairiington Miss Sally Loving^5817 Worth Washington Boulevard. at-Washington-Lee high school. s. Colin C. MacPherson, 6201 - 18th Road, Worth, Virginia Council of Republican Women. Social studies teacher Former president of the Joseph C. MeCaskill, 4-634- 26th Street, North. Vice-chairman of the board of directors of the Arlington YMCA. Staff assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Jesse Pollard, 1314- South Poe Street, Architects president of the HoffmanBoston Parent-Teacher Association. George Richardson. 2421 South Lowell Street, Principal of Hoffmah-Boston elementary-arid junior-senior high schools. Mrs. James D. Rigdon, 4223 - 2nd Road, North. Former president of the Northern Virginia Deanery of Catholic Women. Raymond Schwartz, 1301 North Highland Street. Arlington Hospital. (IfJ * Mrs. Mary Shirley, 1962 North Culpepper Street. retired school teacher. Chief of Medicine, Former secretary, NAACP? Ilaude A. Sweeney, 1726 North Cameron Street. Army Post Office Department| vice-president of the Langston Citizens1 Association. £J£hbodore W. Taylor, 706 North Frederick .'Street. Management specialist in the United States Indian Service^ Arlington County Council, P.T.A. Dr. Curtis E. Tuthill, 5612 North 24th Street. Member of the faculty at George Washington University and former member, Arlington School Board. &. William G. Watt, 1600 North Highland Street. Newly elected vice-presi­ dent of the Virginia Federation of Women’s Clubs. Miss Lena Wolfe, 1763 Queen’s Lane. Principal, Swanson junior high school. �7 * b '2-2-3 * L-t /?s-y � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools Appointed June 12, 1954 by Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell and T. Edward Rutter Description An account of the resource Annotated list of names, respective addresses, and employers of appointed members to the committee. 3 pages Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-6-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington Public Schools Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_5_2 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/74fd5a657c3c155b814e9cb243e7c860.pdf 6d5d7140dbd352a1a11e095b0b811028 PDF Text Text Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools Appointed June 12, 1954 Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, and T. Edward Rutter, Superintendent of Schools Frank L. Ball, Sr,, 1437 North Court House Road, senator. Attorney, former State Victor Blue, Jr., 5517 South 4th Street. Health and physical education teacher at Wakefield junior-senior high school. ■vd y- Jackson A. Browne, 2706 24th Road, South, immediate past president of-the Arlington Ministerial Association} minister of Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church. Mrs. R. A. Burton, 940 North Livingston Street. Association of University Women. Joseph K. Carr, 6137 North 12th Street. Washington builder, Member of the American Employed by Edward R. Car::-, Iso., Sla±re-Shristmanj--l-800'North™Edisal£"Stbeet. school health services. Mrs. A. J. E. Davis, 5210 North 27th Street. Arlington Council of Church Women. Director, Arlington public First vice-president cf the Rev. William H. Foster, 1106 North Inglewood Street. Presbyterian Church. Alfred E. Frisbie, 636 25th Street, South. the Arlington County Board. Col. J. Fuller Groom, 206 Radio Building. Northern Virginia Real Estate Board. Pastor of Trinity Broker, former chairman of Realtor and member of the Mrs. Esther Halstead, 2452 South Lowell Street. School. Teacher at Drew Elementary George Hancock, Executive Secretary, Veterans' Memorial IMCA, 3440 22nd Street, South. Edwin T. Holland, President, Old Dominion Bank, 2926 Columbia Pike. Mrs. Haskell Jacobs, 6424 North 26th Street. Immediate past vice-president of the Women's League, Arlington-Fairfax Jewish Center. �Gommittee to Study Problems of Integration in the .Arlington Public Schools - 2. Dr. Harold Johnson, 2901 North Lexington Street. Physician and chair man of the Board of Managers, Veterans' Memorial YMCA. ■Miss Lillian Lambert, 625 North Emerson Street, Elementary School, Principal of Fairlington Miss Sally Loving, 5817 North Washington Boulevard, at Washington-Lee high school. Social studies teacher Mrs, Colin C. MacPherson, 6201 - 18th Road, North* Virginia Council of Republican Women. Former president of the , / z? 6f S\ Dr. Joseph C. McCaskill, 4-634- 26th Street, North. '"Vice-chairman of the board of directors of the Arlington YMCA. Staff assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Jesse Pollard, 1314- South Poe Street, Architect; president of the HoffmanBoston Parent-Teacher Association. George Richardson, 2421 South Lowell Street, Principal of Hoffman-Boston elementary and junior-senior high schools. Mrs. James D. Rigdon, 4-223 - 2nd Road, North. Former president of the Northern Virginia Deanery of Catholic Women0 Dr. Raymond Schwartz, 1301 North Highland Street. Arlington Hospital. Mrs. Mary Shirley, 1962 North Culpepper Street. retired school teacher. Chief of Medicine, Former secretary, NAACP; Claude A. Sweeney, 1726 North Cameron Street. Army Post Office Department; vice-president of the Langston Citizens* Association. Theodore W. Taylor, 706 North Frederick Street. Management specialist in the United States Indian Service^ Arlington County Council, P.T.A. Dr, Curtis E. Tuthill, 5612 North 24-th Street. Member of the faculty at George Washington University and former member, Arlington School Board. Mrs. William G. Watt, 1600 North Highland Street. Newly elected vice-presi dent of the Virginia Federation of Women*s Clubs. ,MLss Lena Wolfe, 1763 Queen’s Lane. Principal, Swanson junior high school, n _ IQ 2 O � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Description An account of the resource This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee To Study Problems Of Integration In The Arlington Public Schools, Appointed June 12, 1954 By Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, And T. Edward Hunter, Superintendent Of Schools Description An account of the resource Document listing members names, addresses, and occupations of the Committee To Study Problems Of Integration In The Arlington Public Schools. Members were appointed June 12, 1954 by Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, and T. Edward Hunter, Superintendent Of Schools. 2 pages. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Committee To Study Problems Of Integration In The Arlington Public Schools Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 19_1_7_1_51 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/2cd8be30ea98d2fa6b05a5d88dd5e6e7.pdf cb39b2fdb9b98b391adb8b6252c3f4d1 PDF Text Text Committee to Study Problems of Integration in the Arlington Public Schools Appointed June 12, 1954 by Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, and T. Edward Rutter, Superintendent of Schools Frank— L» Ball, Sr., 1437 North Court House Road. -senator. .. • . Attorney, former State Victor Blue, Jr,, 5517 South 4th Street. Health and physical education teacher at Wakefield junior-senior high school. Rev.-Jackson A. Browne, 2706 24th Road, South. Immediate past president of the Arlington Ministerial Association) minister of Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church. Mrs. R. A, Burton, 940 North Livingston Street. Association of University Women, Joseph H» Carr, 6137 North 12th Street. Washington builder, Member of the American Employed by Edward R. Carr, Ine., Dr. Claire Christman, 1800 North Edison Street. school health services. Mrs, A. J. E. Davis, 5210 North 27th Street. Arlington Council of Church Women, Director, Arlington public First vice-president of the Rev. William H. Foster, 1106 North Inglewood Street. Presbyterian Church. Alfred E. Frisbie, 636 25th Street, South, the Arlington County Board. Col. J. Fuller Groom, 206 Radio Building. Northern Virginia Real Estate Board. Pastor of Trinity Broker, former chairman of Realtor and member of the Mrs. Esther Halstead, 2452 South Lowell Street. School. Teacher at Drew Elementary George Hancock, Executive Secretary, Veterans' Memorial YMCA, 3440 22nd Street, South. Edwin T. Holland, President, Old Dominion Bank, 2926 Columbia Pike. Mrs, Haskell Jacobs, 6424 North 26th Street, Immediate past vice-president of the Women’s League, Arlington-Fairfax Jewish Center. �G’ mmittee to Study Problems of Integration o in the Arlington Public Schools - 2. Dr. Harold Johnson, 2901 North Lexington Street. Physician and chair man of the Board of Managers, Veterans' Memorial PICA. Miss Lillian Lambert, 625 North Emerson Street. Elementary School. Principal of Fairlington Miss Sally Loving, 5817 North Washington Boulevard. at Washington-Lee high school. Mrs. Colin C. MacPherson, 6201 - 18th Road, North, Virginia Council of Republican Women. Social studies teacher Former president of the Dr. Joseph C. McCaskill, 4-634 26th Street, North. Vice-chairman of the board of directors of the Arlington YMCA, Staff assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Jesse Pollard, 1314 South Poe Street, Architect; president of the HoffmanBoston Parent-Teacher Association. George Richardson, 2421 South Lowell Street. Principal of Hoffman-Boston elementary and junior-senior high schools. Mrs. James D. Rigdon, 4223 - 2nd Road, North. Former president of the Northern Virginia Deanery of Catholic Women. Dr. Raymond Schwartz, 1301 North Highland Street. Arlington Hospital. Mrs. Mary Shirley, 1962 North Culpepper Street. retired school teacher. Chief of Medicine, Former secretary, NAAGP; Claude A. Sweeney, 1726 North Cameron Street. Army Post Office Department; vice-president of the Langston Citizens' Association. Theodore W. Taylor, 706 North Frederick Street. Management specialist in the United States Indian Service£ Arlington County Council, P.T.A. Dr. Curtis E. Tuthill, 5612 North 24th Street. Member of the faculty at George Washington University and former member, Arlington School Board. Mrs. William G. Watt, 1600 North Highland Street. Newly elected vice-presi dent of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Miss Lena Wolfe, 1763 Queen’s Lane, Principal, Swanson junior high school, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Description An account of the resource This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee To Study Problems Of Integration In The Arlington Public Schools, Appointed June 12, 1954 By Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, And T. Edward Hunter, Superintendent Of Schools Description An account of the resource Document listing members names, addresses, and occupations of the Committee To Study Problems Of Integration In The Arlington Public Schools. Members were appointed June 12, 1954 by Mrs. Elizabeth P. Campbell, Chairman, Arlington School Board, and T. Edward Hunter, Superintendent Of Schools. 2 pages. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Committee To Study Problems Of Integration In The Arlington Public Schools Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 19_1_7_1_53 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/20b1adf57c2ea809bc8bc086168ccf7f.pdf f5e8fe7821f8b14f0a2c7004495681f8 PDF Text Text Committee To Uphold The Electorate 1520 NORTH KENTUCKY STREET C I T I Z E N S ’ C O M M IT T E E F O R S C H O O L IM P R O V E M E N T A R L I N G T O N C I V IC F E D E R A T IO N LEAGUE OF W OM EN VOTERS O R G A N IZ E D W O M E N VOTERS BETTER GOVERNM ENT LEAGUE A M E R IC A N A S S O C I A T I O N O F U N IV E R S IT Y W O M E N N O R T H E R N V IR G IN IA P R E -S C H O O L A S S O C I A T I O N • ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA February 25, 1948 Dear Member: The overwhelming vote cast in November for Arlington’s first elected School Board is now challenged for the second time. Before the Board took office the old board filed suit contesting the constitutionality of the law under which the new Board was elected. Upheld by the Circuit Court, the new Board is now challenged a second time with intention to appeal announced last week by the old board. For the first suit, Edmund D. Campbell^ former member of the Arlington County Board, and former' State Senators Frank L . Ball, Sr., and William D. Medley, attorneys, served voluntarily without remuneration. However, approximately a §500 debt was incurred for research, stenographic fees and court costs. Now we are faced with not only that bill but the additional cost to fight the appeal. Public indignation at the attempt to prevent the new School Board from serving, led to the organization of the Committee to Uphold the Electorate composed of the Citizens1 Committee for School Improvement, Arlington Civic Federation, League of Women Voters, Organized Women Voters, Better Gov­ ernment League, American Association of University Women and Northern Virginia Pre-School Association. As you know, the members of these organizations have been solicited and re-solicited in our long fight for an elected School Board. The joint committee waited to see if there would be an appeal so as to have only one drive for funds. The Sun newspaper has carried on the fight to see that the people had a right to decide the method of naming School Board members and after the vote for election, to have the new Board serve. Continuing that policy. The Sun now offers 50 cents for each new subscriber turned in by March 10 by the Committee to Uphold the Electorate. Our goal is at least 1,000 subscriptions, assuring us a minimum of §500. This is one of the means we will use to finance our fight. We urge you, if you do not now subscribe, fill in the form below and mail with your check to The Sun. If you are a sub­ scriber, all you need do is sell one subscription and enclose the $2 payment. In accepting The Sun’s offer, you will have an oppor­ tunity to keep abreast of school matters as these are given complete coverage. We urge you to act promptly so by March 10 the defense fund will have at least $500. If you respond to this with the same enthusiasm as you worked to elect the School Board, our campaign for funds will be a success. Cordially, A. t McGalmich, Chairman, Committee to Uphold the Electorate. Credit to the Committee To Uphold The Electorate Please enter my subscription to The §un for 1 year, NAME ____________________ A D D R E S S __________ Committee To Uphold The Electorate * 5 2 0 N O R T H KENTU CK Y STR EET A R L I N G T O N , V IR G IN IA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Committee to Uphold the Electorate Letter for Subscription Drive February 25, 1948 Description An account of the resource Letter to members of the Committee to Uphold the Electorate for a subscription drive to the Northern Virginia Sun to raise funds to cover the School Board's debt and court fees, dated February 25, 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource M. Riggs McCormick, Chairman, Committee to Uphold the Electorate Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948-2-25 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_7_1 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/8fc1781d83c97c04d317ba090e4a850e.pdf c2e3a52f6cf365affbf9e2d87db4c118 PDF Text Text C H A R L E S R. F E N W IC K 9 th S e n a to r i a l D is tr ic t ARLINGTON 6 7 3 3 L e e H ig h w a y A R L I N G T O N , V IR GINIA COMMITTEE A SS IG N M E N T S: F inance R o a d s a n d In t e r n a l N av ig at io n C oun ties, C ities and Towns W elfare SEN A TE May 1 4 , 1958 Mr. 0 . G lenn S ta h l O rg a n iz in g Committee to P re s e r v e P u b lic S cho o ls 3600 H o rth Piedm ont S t r e e t A r l in g to n , V ir g in ia D ear Mr. S ta h l: P ly > I ha.ve y o u r l e t t e r o f May 8 e n c lo s in g s ta te m e n t o f th e O rg a n iz in g Com mittee to P re s e r v e P u b lic S ch o o ls and y o u r r e q u e s t f o r any comments o r r e a c t i o n s w hich I may have. I n o te t h a t you a r e d e te rm in e d t o p u rsu e e v e ry l e g a l means to keep p u b lic s c h o o lr open. C e r t a i n l y , a l l o f u s can a g r e e w ith t h i s o b je c tiv e . In t h i s c o n n e c tio n , I would i n v i t e y o u r a t t e n t i o n to c e rta in f a c ts : ? 1. The Supreme C o u rt o f th e U n ite d S t a t e s , i n i t s d e c is i o n o f May 1 7 , 1954, d id n o t h o ld t h a t we m ust have in t e g r a t e d s c h o o ls . 2. The d e c is io n p ro v id e d t h a t no c h i l d who wa3 o th e rw is e q u a l i f i e d , and d e s ir e d t o a t t e n d a p u b lic s c h o o l, sh o u ld be d e p riv e d o f t h a t r i g h t s o l e l y on th e b a s i s o f r a c e . 3. The f a c t t h a t sev en n e g ro e s have th e r i g h t to a tte n d f o u r w h ite sc h o o ls i n A r lin g to n c o u n ty , d oes n o t mean t h a t th e y m ust e x e r c is e t h a t r i g h t . 4. Should th e s e sev en p u p i l s , th ro u g h t h e i r p a r e n t s , r e f r a i n from m aking a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a d m issio n to w h ite s c h o o ls , t h e r e would be no n e c e s s i t y f o r c l o s in g any p u b lic sc h o o l u n d e r s t a t e law . 5. A ssum ing t h a t th e s c h o o ls t h a t th e n eg ro p u p i l s now a t te n d a f f o r d an e q u a l e d u c a tio n a l o p p o r tu n ity a s com pared w ith th e w h ite s c h o o ls , t h e i r i n s i s t e n c e on a t te n d i n g th e w h ite s c h o o ls becomes s o l e l y a m a tte r o f c h o ic e w h ich , i f c a r r i e d o u t, can r e s u l t i n each such sc h o o l b e in g c lo s e d u n d e r s t a t e law . 6. The s im p le s t and m ost o b v io u s method f o r k e e p in g o u r p u b lic s c h o o ls open w ould be f o r th e n eg ro p u p i l s n o t to e x e r c ie e th e r i g h t th e c o u r ts have g iv e n them to a p p ly f o r a d m issio n t o a w h ite s c h o o l. 7. Your com m ittee can u t i l i z e a l e g a l way o f k e e p in g o u r p u b lic s c h o o ls open by m e e tin g w ith th e p a r e n ts o f th e n eg ro c h i l d r e n and p o in ti n g o u t to them th e co n seq u e n ces o f t h e i r i n s i s t i n g on se n d in g t h e i r c h i ld r e n to w h ite s c h o o ls . S hould t h i s r e s u l t i n th e p a r e n ts d e c id in g n o t to p e r s i s t i n t h i s p r o c e d u re , b o th you and th e y w ould b e p e rfo rm in g a g r e a t p u b lic s e r v ic e t o th e community. Y c c : Members of Committee j h a r l e s E. F e n w ic k S t a t e S e n a t o r , A r l in g to n co u n ty � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth of Virginia Senate, Charles R. Fenwick, Letter to Mr. O. Glenn Stahl Description An account of the resource Letter from State Senator Charles R. Fenwick of Arlington County to Glenn Stahl regarding the Organizing Committee to Preserve Public Schools remarking that Virginia public schools would stay open if there was no attempt to integrate the schools Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles R. Fenwick, State Senator Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_4_16 https://projectdaps.org/files/original/89526711da997beb400d6eaf0dacf2f0.pdf 4e682ffefb348f3dea5dd113f90ea27a PDF Text Text c 0 ■D COMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Richmond l Y 6 SUPTS. MEMO. NO. 316U June TO: 28, 1955 Tie Division Superintendents FROM: Dowell J. Howard, Superintendent of Public Instruction SUBJECT: Policy Statement by Governor Stanley and the State Board of Education Below you will note the statement issued jointly by Governor Stanley and the State Board of Education at its meeting on Thursday, June 23. "The problems created by the decision of the United States Supreme Court cannot be solved suddenly. The Court recognized that those responsible may well take into account the public interest in the elimination of existing obstacles in a systematic and effective manner. The Court further recognized problems related to administration, physical conditions of school plants, the transportation of pupils, personnel, revision of school districts and attendance areas. Attention was directed to the possible necessity for the revision of State and local laws. "Although the United States Supreme Court placed on the school authorities the responsibility for assessing and solving1 the problems in accordance with the views expressed by the Court, the State Board of Education and the local political sub-divisions cannot initiate a plan to accomplish an orderly and logical adjustment within the law until the General Assembly has enacted appropriate legislation. The State Board is of the opinion that hasty action could well result in serious damage to the public school system. "It has not yet been possible for the Commission on Public Education to propose and the General Assembly to enact appropriate legislation which will enable the State Board of Education and the local school authorities to adjust to a new and different basis for the operation of public schools. "Meanwhile, local school authorities are faced with the necessity of completing the formulation of plans for the coming school session. "In view of these facts and circumstances, the Governor and the State Board of Education hereby declare and adopt as the policy of this Commonwealth that the State Board of Education will continue to administer its functions, in cooperation with the local school authorities, to the end that the public schools of Virginia open and operate through the coming school session as heretofore." niH/fg bh � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools Description An account of the resource Record Group 07 contains the incomplete and unofficial records of the Arlington County, Virginia, public school system. The entire collection measures 20.85 linear feet, and ranges in date between 1909 and 2004. The bulk of the material is from the period 1946-1988. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth of Virginia State Board of Education Richmond 16, Superintendents Memo No. 3164 June 28, 1955 Description An account of the resource Policy Statement by Governor Stanley and the State Board of Education declaring that the state board of education will continue to administer its functions to the end that the public schools of Virginia open and operate. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG 07, Arlington County Public Schools, 1909-2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dowell J. Howard, Superintendent of Public Instruction Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955-6-28 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is subject to copyright. Unauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 7_1_8_3_40