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®lje News
Published by The Lynchburg News, Inc., Lynchburg, Virginia
formerly Carter Glass & Sons, Publishers
PHILIP LIGHTFOOT SCRUGGS. Editor
JOHN A. HAMILTON, Associate Editor
DAVID W. WRIGHT. Managing Editor
Wednesday, April 22, 1959
Mr. Battle Speaks Out
A t M onday night’s forum spon
sored by the Lynchburg A rea Com
m ittee for public schools four speak
ers, each able to contribute in a
special way, discussed th e topic:
“Shall We Keep Our Public
Schools?”
Dr. Orville W. W ake, president
of Lynchburg College, described
the relation betw een secondary
education and higher education.
R ichard P. Gifford, of General
Electric, em phasized the im port
ance of good public schools to in
dustry. Mrs. R obert H. T h rash er of
N orfolk described the effects of
closed schools there.
Each of these talk s contributed
to the evening, but let us here dis
cuss the brief address delivered by
John S. B attle Jr. It is reprinted,
in large p art, elsew here on to d ay ’s
page.
This address is singularly im
p o rtan t because Mr. B attle served
as City A ttorney for C harlottesville
during its recent school crisis. Alone
am ong V irginia advocates to ap
p e ar before Federal judges, Mr.
B attle worked out a local assign
m ent plan th a t would perm it some
little integration, but prevent mas
sive integration and had this plan
approved by the court.
Mr. B attle ’s approach to the
school problem , to his everlasting
credit, has been one of realism . And
th is was his approach M onday
night.
“ W e m u st wake up to stark
re a lity ,” he told his audience, “th a t
as distasteful as it may be th ere is
no really satisfactory solution when
a com m unity in this State is faced
w ith integration. It seems to me th a t
th e thing to do is to find the best
available solution and to be preppared to m ake it work as well as
possible.”
W h at is th e best available solution?
nearest them — aptitude, and health.
These and other factors easily could
lim it any integration in a city to
a satisfactory minimum. Public
schools could be maintained and
operated m uch as they are main
tained and operated today.
On th e question of scholarships,
or tuition grants, Mr. Battle had
reservations and, in our view, these
reservations w ere well taken. He
advanced th e possibility th a t the
State supported scholarship proggram , scheduled for passage by the
G eneral Assembly, m ight result in
even more integration although its
purpose, of course, is to finance
segregated schooling.
“It occurs to me,” Mr. B attle
said, “th a t the legislature in its
effort to encourage these private
schools and to encourage teachers
to teach in them and to make it
easy for children to attend them
will in the long run actually place
them in the same category in the
eyes of the law as public schools
and thus make them susceptible to
integration;”
On this very point, let us listen
to the Supreme Court in a decision
h anded down last Septem ber:
“State support of segregated
schools through any arrangem ent,
m anagem ent, funds, or property
cannot be squared w ith the (-Four
teen th ) A m endm ent’s c o m m a n d
th a t no State shall deny to any p e r
son w ithin its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the law. The right of
a student not to be segregated on
racial grounds in schools so m ain
tained is indeed so fundam ental and
pervasive th a t it is embraced in the
concept of due process of law.’v
Mr. B attle anticipates a qual
ified N egro m aking application to
a newly form ed private School. In
this event, he foresees integration
of th a t facility. It seems to us th a t
a direct a ttack by the NAACP on
By John S. Battle Jr.:
Scholarship Program May Result In Even More Integration
(Edotor’s Note: This is the
bulk of the text of Mr. Bat
tle’s address at M o n d a y
night's forum. It is comment
ed on editorially at left.)
Shall We Keep Our Public
Schools?
Although few people have real
ized it this is the primary ques
tion that has been before the
leaders of Virginia for the last
several years. Since the first en
actment of the so called ‘‘Massive
Resistance Laws” there have
been two strong and almost equal
ly divided forces at play in Vir
ginia: the one pressing' for the
abandonment of any public school
effected by integration and the
other advocating the preserva
tion of public schools even if it
should become necessary to have
i n t e g r a t i o n on a controlled
basis. . . .
been unalterably opposed to the
mixing of the races in the public
schools of Virginia because I am
certain that it is destructive to
the natural progress and best in
terests of both races.
But, in spite of this deep and
abiding belief, I cannot agree to
advocate any approach to the
problem which is either foolish or
unlawful. It would seem to me
th at the abandonment of our won
derful system of public schools
would certainly be foolish—and
under our present constitution un
lawful. •
Now there has been a decided
change in governmental attitude;
yet even while we are discussing
the question here it is before our
legislature in what has been de
scribed as a fight to the finish.
Your distinguished S e n a t o r ,
Mosby Perrow, is leading a gal
lant—
and I think winning fight—
I consider that I am here for to save the public schools under
purpose of giving you an honest the program advocated by his
appraisal of the legal aspects of commission. Although the opposi
this question and that I cannot tion is still powerful, the Gover
depart from that purpose for the nor is solidly behind him and fi
sake of personal popularity.
nally the basic theme running
Before I do that though let me through the halls ofx the Capi
say that I am and always have tal is—‘‘It is high time somebody
is telling the people of Virginia
the truth about this”. . . .
The Perrow Commission pro
gram is somewhat complicated
in all its detail but basically, it
would provide that each locality
make its assignments of pupils
to the public schools under a set
of criteria established by the
State Board of Education and
that any parent not wishing to
send his child to public school
under those circumstances would
be entitled to a scholarship, fi
nanced by the state and locality
in the amount of about $250.00
as to each child.
This, in the main, recognizes
two principles—(1) that the prob
lem varies so greatly from locali
ty to locality within the state that
no one state wide rule would be
satisfactory and therefore each
locality should deal with its own
separate problem in the way best
for it and (2) that in the event of
integration in any school those
parents unwilling to send their
children to that school can finance
or supplement the annual cost of
private schooling through the
$250.00 grant.
This is said to be constitutional
because each locality will be able
IN THE INTEREST OF
ALL
SCHOOLS
PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE
IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT WE
S U P P O R T OUR
to make assignments in a racial- I
ly nondiscriminatory way. It is I
said that integration will be con- ]
trolled by the application of law- j
ful criteria such as geographical i
plans, academic achievement of \
the students and so forth. It is
urged that everyone will have
the freedom to choose between
the public school which may ex
perience some integration and
private schools which can be seg
regated.
Such state action is far prefer
able to what we have had in the
past few years and if it accom
plishes its purposes it may be a
solution to the problem. I think
whether it accomplishes its pur
poses will depend upon the good
sense of the people who become
involved in it.
Here in Lynchburg you have
apparently had no serious con
flict between the races over the
school question. That demonstrat
es an intelligent and understand
ing approach by the leaders of
both races and I sincerely hope
that you will continue in the fu
ture to have the same success
that you have had in the past.
Nothing can be more destructive
to a community than racial con
flict over the public schools. If it
comes both races are the losers
Mosby Perrow
and in the long run I think the
negroes more so than the whites. trol of a school places that school
But just in the event the pres in the same category as our pres
ent tranquility does not continue ent day public schools, and thi*
and you are faced with the im is true no matter whether you call
mediate problem with which Char the supported activity a private
lottesville. Norfolk, Arlington and school, a foundation or what not.
Warren County have been faced
It occurs to me that the legis
you will probably have to find lature in its effort to encourage
your solution under the laws en these private schools and to en
acted upon the Perrow Commis courage teachers to teach in
sion’s recommendations. Tonight them and to make it easy for
we have to speculate somewhat children to attend them will in
upon the form those laws will the long run actually place them
take but if the recommendations in the same category in the eyes
are not too drastically changed of the law as public schools and
we are able to make certain rath thus make them susceptible to
er obvious observations.
integration.
It Is certainly clear that if a
For instance, the communities
number of negroes in the com now affected are making ar
munity seek admission to the rangements for the establishment
white schools, their applications of private schools which pupils
cannot be denied solely on the may attend upon these govern
ground of race. They can be de mental scholarships. Teachers
nied, however, upon other con are being told that the state will
siderations which have been ap not take away their retirement
proved by the Courts—such as the benefis if they teadh in them.
unfavorable geographical location Suitable arrangements are being
of the residence as compared with made for transportation at gov
the geographical location of the ernmental costs.
The question must be asked
school to which admission is
sought, the substandard aptitude whether this amounts to govern
of the child, the poor health of mental support.
For what my opinion may be
the child, the burden of the pres
ent enrollment in the school to worth. I am of the opinion that it
which admission is sought and does because they could not en
many other fawful and objective dure without these various types
considerations. Since these consid of governmental assistance.
Now it is probable that such
erations will have to be fairly ap
plied there could be some inte schools would continue for some,
time without the threat of inte
gration.
Even upon a fair and thorough gration but if we agree that they
ly non-discriminatory approach in could be integrated on the same
a city such as Lynchburg I do basis and under the same prin
not believe there would ever have ciples as public schools, we
to be very much integration. It should be farsighted enough to
�m ent plan, fairly adm inistered. As
he explained, p roper criteria for
assigning pupils m ight include
geographical considerations — stu
dents should be assigned to schools
be more likely. Using State and
local funds otherwise used for pub
lic schools to finance private school
ing m ight be vulnerable to a. charge
of subterfuge. State and Federal
courts have both d e n o u n c e d
“ evasive tactics.”
In answ er to a question from the
audience Mr. B attle also viewed the
scholarship scheme as vulnerable
on another count. It would be limit
ed to non-sectarian schools. The
p a re n t of a student a t a sectarian
school, Mr. B attle said, would seem
to have an excellent case. His tax
money would be used for scholar
ship grants but his child would be
ineligible to receive one.In sum, Mr. B attle’s address was
like a fresh breeze parting the
heavy veils of unreality which
other law yers fo r political purposes
have placed around the whole seg
regation controversy. Unlike many
other m embers of the bar who have
spoken publicly on this question,
young Mr. B attle faced, the hard
facts.
A fid th e resu lt was a refresh
ingly fo rth rig h t presentation on a
topic th a t has gotten crusty with
myth.
rU B U U
i
CH ARLOTTESVILLE COMMITTEE
FO R PUBLIC SCHOOLS
P . O. B ox 1083
C h a r lo tte s v ille , V irg in ia
O BJECTIVES
2.
We a r e h ere co n cern ed w ith n eith e r en co u ra g in g
in te g r a tio n n or p erp etu atin g s e g r e g a tio n .
We op p ose any p erm an en t a r r a n g e m e n t w h ich e n
t r u s t s p u b lic ed u cation to p r iv a te hands h aving no
r e s p o n s ib ility o r a cco u n ta b ility to the g e n e r a l
p u b lic .
4.
R ep rod u ced a n d d istr ib u te d in the
p u b lic in t e r e s t by the C h a r lo tte s v ille
C o m m itte e fo r P u b l i c S c h o o l s
( f o r m e r l y C o m m itte e fo r P u b lic
E d u ca tio n ).
We a r e d eterm in ed to p u rsu e e v e r y le g a l m e a n s to
k eep p u b lic sc h o o ls open.
3.
John B attle Jr.
1.
We have faith in C h a r lo t te s v ille 's a b ility to m eet
it s p u b lic ed u cation p r o b le m s.
CH ARLOTTESVILLE COMMITTEE
FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
P . O. Box 1083
C h a r lo tte s v ille , V irg in ia
I e n d o r se and a g r e e to su p p ort the o b je c tiv e s of th is
o r g a n iz a tio n .
N am e
A d d ress
T elep h on e N u m ber
F o r„th!> ,"'h° 1.cann“t “ “ I*
s?
i l h i n k ' i t V d e a r that such
controlled integration the schol- scb00is cou^ not operate on an
arship or tuition grant arrange- b.;egrat< d basis because they will
>
“ " I 1 / ® 1 a s a mt ans by have been brought into being in
;
which the state and locality can order , aftord their
ils com.
make private schooling possible. lete segregati(,n. Therefore, if
I won d not "uarrel wift anyone ,.
are ‘ tablished aad „ a
who elected to lake advantage of ,
„nmber f
,
this opportunity but I can see in u,em it „ m ,ead ^ far
jn.
it the possibility of disappoint- tegratj0I1 jj, the white pum e
ment in the individuals who ex- sch0ols whose enrollment has
pect to benefit from it and a de- been s0 d r a s t i c a l l y r e d u c e d ,
terioration of the public school Then if the private schoois
system. It would therefore seem should either not prove practisensible that everyone should un- cabie from a financial point of
derstand all the consequences be- view or be faced with integra*
fore making the choice.
tion those who have depended
It is stated in the report for the upon them would be faced with
Perrow Commission that it costs a disastrous situation upon hav$248.43 per year to educate each ing to return to the public schools
child presently enrolled in the which they had previously abanpublic schools in the city of doned.
Lynchburg. Under the scholarThere may be many persons
ship program, any child desiring who are prepared to take this
to attend a private school would risk and no one should blame
be entitled to an annual grant them for it. They will be well
while in that school of $248.43. of advised, however, to think of
which amount the state would these very likely consequences
contribute $71.61 and the city and make their decisions after
would contribute $176.82.
carefully weighing the available
Let, us therefore assume that in facts,
the event of the mixing of the
We must wake up to the stark
races in the schools of Lynchburg reality that as distasteful as it
either voluntarily or under court may be there is no really satis*
order a thousand students elect factory solution when a commu*
to apply for the scho'arships for nity in this state is faced wi-h in*
the purpose of attending private tegration. It seems to me that the
schools. This would cost the city thing to do is to find the best
$176 8 2 0 .0 0 each year and unless available solution and to be preit resulted in a closing of one or Pared to make it work as well
more of your present public as possible.
.
schools or the discharge of a sub- TJ* question lor discussion tostantial number of teachers there night—Shall we keep our public
would be no substantial reduction schools?—suggests the answer m
in the operating costs of this pubopinion. If we do not keep
lie school system as you now have them in part we invite more in
i'
J
tegration than would otherwise b«
In other words, it would amount
to a substantial additional annual . ?° ll seeins tha.t the .?nly ‘aw*
cost, 'nie support of which' can ful, sensible and realistic ap
•
probably be founded only through our public schools in as near S
as
art increase of taxes. Further
more, the grant would probably possible the form in which they
now exist.
be taxable as income to the in
Through a full enrollment of
dividual which in the lowest tax white pupils in them and through
bracket would mean that the in a conscientious school board and
dividual is actually receiving on- teaching staff integration can be
ly about $200.00 a year tax free. contro]lcd and robab!y so disOver and above all this, if a couraged jn thc iong ru„ tbat
large number of the present pa- ultimately segregation can be
trons of your public schools achieved in many cities on a vol*
there would be so many vacan- untary basis.
cies in the enrollment that it ,----- --------- would be proportionately more
difficult to control integration.
I'm not saying that the welfare
ESTA BU S H E D 18SA
and best interests of your chil Published e v ery m orning by The
dren should be sacrificed in a L ynchburg Nows. Inc.. L ynchburg,
fight to control integration, but I Vn . form erly C e rter G lass * Sons,
Publishers.
am suggesting that anyone who N ational A dvertising R epresentative:
W ard-G rllfitb Co.
■elects’to accept the tuition grants
M em
th e A mocialed Press
should understand the conse w hichber la ofexclusively e n title d to
quences.
rep ro d u ce a ll new s - e n d pictures
published in th is
The consequences that I have E nte re d a s secondnew spaper. tte r at
class m a
just m e n t i o n e d are serious th e post office In Lynfetoburg. V ir
enough but in my mind, the most ginia.
serious consequence comes about SU BSCRIPTIO N RATES— By
rle r:
through a long range projection W eek.(seven Issue*) T o rty C e n ts A
of the private school program
By M ailt V eer • Mo. 3 Mo. 1 Mo.
supported by tuition grants or D ally *
S unday *17.00 *8.80 *4.80 *1.7*
governmental scholarships. The
Dally Only 13,80 0 75 8.80 l.* 0
Supreme Court of the United Sun. O nly 7.80 3.90
States and the Supreme Court of
NOTE:
Appeals of Virginia have held in Please n o ttfy th e C irculation De
of
de
recent cases that direct or indi p a rtm en te liv aany of lay o r irre g u la r
ity in d
ry
new spapersrect governmental support or con-
®ljr 5frma
�
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RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
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Flyer with two newspaper articles: "Mr. Battle Speaks Out" OP-ED and "Scholarship Program May Result in Even More Integration", The Lynchburg News, April 22, 1959. Distributed by the Charlottesville Committee For Public Schools.
Description
An account of the resource
Two newspaper articles: "Mr. Battle Speaks Out" OP-ED and "Scholarship Program May Result in Even More Integration". Text of Mr. Battle's address at forum in which he is in favor of keeping public schools open. 2 pages.
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4/22/59
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pdf
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RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
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Charlottesville Committee For Public Schools
Coverage
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1950s
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This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
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19_2_7_1_4
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JC
6^- d L c x ^
VIRGINIA COMMITTEE t O R PUBLIC SCHOOLS
"The Work and Growth of The Committees for Public Schools"
(Report by William M. Lightsey, Executive Secretary,
at Public Meeting in Richmond on March 15, 1959)
I wish to tell you about the work of the Virginia Committee for
Public Schools and the local committees like your Richmond Area Com
mittee, which have formed and are forming in communities across the
entire State.
There is a question and answer leaflet on the tables at the en
trance which tells much about the "who, what, and why" of the Virginia
Committee for Public Schools and the connected local committees.
These rapidly spreading Committees for Public Schools represent what
may become the most significant and widespread "grass roots" movement
on behalf of public schools that Virginia has ever seen. Entirely
unsupported by and not connected with any other organization, this
movement is providing a rallying point for that great body of moderate
Virginians that is determined that our fine system of public education
come through the present crisis with as little damage as possible.
These Committees stand for neither the perpetuation of segregation
nor the promotion of integration.
Let me emphasize that it is not our intent to replace the ParentTeacher Associations, the Virginia Education Association, or other
groups that have labored so long and hard in promoting and improving
public education in Virginia. Rather, the Committees for Public
Schools are filling a void left by the failure of our largest pro
public school organizations to embark on a strong state-wide action
program necessary to awaken Virginians to the extent that our law
makers would be convinced beyond doubt that the great majority of
Virginians are not willing that our public school system be sacrificed
cr impaired. Do not construe these remarks as criticism of all mem
bers of these organizations. Many, many members and leaders in the
Committees for Public Schools are also members and leaders in PTA,
VEA, League of Women Voters, AAUW, Councils on Human Relations, United
Church Women, National Conference of Christians and Jew's, Chambers of
Commerce, service clubs, women's clubs and other organizations. Many
local and regional units of these organizations have publicly stated
positions which are fully consistent with the purposes of the Com
mittees for Public Schools and have urged their members to join these
Committees. We hope the near future will bring many more such en
dorsements.
The total membership of the Virginia-Committee for Public Schools
already numbers more than 20,000 white Virginians. Local Committees
have been organized in nine separate areas of the State: Alexandria,
Arlington, Blacksburg, Charlottesville, Fairfax County-Falls Church,
Front Royal, Newport News and the surrounding Peninsular Area, Nor
folk and Richmond.
Organizing groups of local leaders are now forming
local Committees in Christiansburg, Lynchburg, Roanoke, Rockingham
County and Waynesboro. The Virginia Committee is trying desperately
to lend assistance to local people who have requested help and advice
in some 15 other areas.
Perhaps the progress of extension of this movement can best be
illustrated by reviewing the happenings of the last 3 weeks across the
State. On Thursday evening, February 26, we met with a group of 250
people in Newport News. This group selected an organizing Committee
2nd authorized them to proceed with formal organization of a local
Committee. The following Sunday, March 1, over IfOO people attended
an afternoon meeting in Alexandria, elected officers, adopted bylaws
and formally organized the Alexandria Committee.
Two days later, at
Lynchburg on the evening of March 3, we met with some 35' community
Leaders. They elected an organizing committee, which has been most
Motive in securing the participation of business, religious, educa
tional and civic leaders. They have scheduled a second meeting for
this coming Thursday evening.
Last Sunday evening, March 8, Dr. Buck
tnd I talked to a group of over 1+50 who had come to a meeting in a
country church in Rockingham County, east of Harrisonburg.
Over 200
signed membership cards and the group elected a steering committee to
complete formal organization. Last Monday and Tuesday I met with
several small groups in Roanoke.
Plans have been made to begin the
�2
organization of a local committee there.
Other recent action taken
by the Virginia Committee includes an appeal to VEA locals across the
State and to the educators and professors in the white colleges of
the State. These appeals are beginning to show gratifying results.
The Virginia Committee for Public Schools is a very necessary
coordinating organization for the local committees. Through this
central committee, the effort of the various local committees and
of individual members in areas where there are no local committees
oan be brought together in a strong, state-wide program of publicity,
legislative action, and extension work. The Virginia Committee for
Public Schools grew out of an initial meeting last November of repre
sentatives from Charlottesville, Arlington, Norfolk and Front Royal.
(These were the four communities where Committees for Public Schools
had already been separately formed.) They felt the need to share
experiences and advice concerning the work of the local committees
that had been formed in each of these four communities.
With the fall of the massive resistance laws, it became evident
that the threat to public schools would be a State-wide rather than a
local threat. Other areas such as Richmond, not immediately threat
ened with desegregation, recognized the need for a local organization
and for a coordinated State-wide effort. The Virginia Committee was
officially organized in December. The policies and program of action
of the central committee are determined by a steering committee which
includes a representative selected by each of the organized local
committees. In this way, the work of the central committee and the
public statements of its representatives are closely coordinated with
the local committees.
The Virginia Committee has an office at the Broad-Grace Arcade,
to some extent shared with the Richmond Area Committee.
This office
is open and busy six, if not seven, days a week.
Paid secretarial
help is employed and supplemented with volunteer help from the Rich
mond Area. I, as Executive Secretary, am the only other paid help the
Virginia Committee has at present.
I work full-time from the Richmond
office. However, we could not accomplish nearly so much were it not
for the fact that our President, Dr. Blair Buck, has for the past 3
months given his full time, day and night, to work in the office and
in traveling about the State.
Membership in the Virginia Committee is of two kinds. First, it
includes the membership of the local committees who have endorsed the
by-laws and purposes
of the Virginia Committee. Second, it includes
the individuals who have signed membership cards and who live in
areas which have as yet no local committees.
The work of the Virginia Committee must be financed largely from
the contributions received by the local committees. As each new local
committee is formed,
it is asked to accept a proportionate assessment
to carry on the work
of the central committee. There is a great need
for additional money. Both the publicity and extension program, should
be stepped up significantly now. The work we are all trying to do can
reach its maximum effectiveness throughout the State only if each mem
ber helps this work with a contribution large enough to hurt a little.
In closing, let me ask you to do one other thing.
Talk to or
write your friends and acquaintances in every part of the State. Tell
them about the Committees for Public Schools. Send to our office the
names and addresses of everyone you know I J o may be interested in
'h
joining this effort. The address is Room 3, Broad-Grace Arcade,
Richmond 19, Virginia.
Thank you-
�
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A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Text of talk given by William M. Lightsey at a public meeting in Richmond, March 15, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
The Work and Growth of the Committees for Public Schools. Describes the development and history of the Committee. 2 pages
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
3/15/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
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William M. Lightsey
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_5
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/fe4f02c92a5d0e0d6114d09641b586be.pdf
d2de61e1e2d188d1c2b661fc17d45fee
PDF Text
Text
VIRGINIA COMMITTEE PCR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
March 13, 1959
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CONCERNING
THE COMMITTEES I'OR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
The following questions are those most commonly asked.by per
sons who v/ant to know the "who, what, and why" of the Committees
for Public Schools. If you have other questions which are not
answered here, please write to the Virginia Committee for Public
Schools, Hoorn 3, Broad-Grace Arcade, Richmond 19, Virginia,
1. QUESTION: WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OP THE COMMITTEE?
Answer: The single purpose of the Committee is:
"17e affirm our determined support of free
public education for every child in Virginia.
M e believe that this should continue to be
guaranteed by the Constitution of Virginia.
Our major concern is that the present crisis facing our public
schools be resolved with the least possible damage to the fine
Virginia public schopl system.
2. QUESTION: WHO. ARE THE LEADERS OP THE COMMITTEE?
Answer A Attached is a list of the officers, members of the
Steering Committee and Advisory Board, with a brief statement
identifying each. This list includes recognized leaders, from all
parts of the State, in the fields of business, education, religion
and civic betterment. Members include many who do not have chil
dren in the public schools but who recognise that public education
is a vital necessity to the growth of the community, State and nation3. QUESTION: WHO- ARE SOLICITED POR MEMBERSHIP IN TIIE COMMITTEES?
Answer: The Committee is interested in enrolling the lar
gest possible” number of white residents of Virginia who believe that
free public education must be available for every child in Virginia
and that this opportunity should continue to be guaranteed by the
Constitution of Virginia.
4. QUESTION: WlIAT RESPONSIBILITIES ARE ASSUMED”WHEN ONE
BECOMES A MEMBER OP THE COMMITTEE?
Answer: There is no obligation to actively help with the
work of the Committee, nor is there any financial fee charged. The
work of the Committee is carried on with volunteer help and volun
tary contributions from its members. Each member of the Committee
is asked to help increase the membership of the Committee and to
promote its purpose through influencing neighbors, friends and
acquaintances throughout the state. It is also hoped that each
member will communicate his views to members of the General Assem
bly and others in positions of political leadership.
OVER
�I
5. QUESTION; IS MEMBERSHIP RESTRICTED TO REGISTERED VOTERS?
Answer; No. This question is asked on the membership card
for informational purposes only. However, members are urged to pay
poll taxes by May 1, register to vote and to ask others to do so.
6. QUESTION: IS THE COMMITTEE FINANCED BY ANY OTHER GROUPS OR
BY SOURCES FROM OUTSIDE VIRGINIA?
Answer; Voluntary contributions by the members and their
friends are the only sources of financing the work of the Virginia
Committee and local committees. There is no membership fee but
contributions are welcome and needed.
7. QUESTION: IS THE COMMITTEE CONNECTED WITH ANY OTHER
ORGANIZATION?
Answer; Neither the Virginia Committee for Public Schools
nor affiliated local committees are connected in any way with any
other organization,
8. QUESTION: HOW DOES THE COMMITTEE STAND ON DESEGREGATION?
Answer: The Committee seeks neither to promote integration
nor to perpetuate segregation. Its membership probably includes a
majority who would prefer continued segregation of the schools.
However, with others, they are brought together in the united belief
that free public education must continue to be available to all who
want it.
9. QUESTION: WHY IS THE ORGANIZATION AND RAPID GROWTH OF
COMMITTEES FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS SO IMPORTANT NOW?
Answer: Our lawmakers must be shown that the great majority
of white Virginians are not willing to give up their public schools.
Yet we and they must face the clear fact that legal developments
have left only a single choice: (1) either accept such limited in
tegration as the courts require or (2) abolish our fine state
public school system. The danger that the latter course will be
followed is very real; its advocates include strong political forces.
At the March 6 Public Hearing before the Perrow Commission,
no less than 16 speakers demanded the abolition of the public school
system. Many others advocated a course of action which would
seriously damage public education.
Those who are convinced that our public schools cannot be
sacrificed must speak out NOW in large numbers and from all parts of
the state. The singleness of purpose of the Committees for Public
Schools permits them to speak out in behalf of public education more
effectively than any other organized group. Twelve members of the
local committees and the Virginia Committee for Public Schools spoke
at the Public Hearing. Speaking for more than 20,000 members from
all parts of the state, their statements provided a most effective
demonstration that Virginians are not willing to sacrifice their
public schools.
Individuals who feel that they must help to preserve our
public schools can multiply their effectiveness by swelling the
State-wide membership of the Public School Committees. These
committees form a focal point through which individual effort is
translated into a strong, organized program of State-wide publicity
and legislative action. The effectiveness of the Virginia Committee
in exerting legislative influence is in direct proportion to its
total state-wide membership.
A
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Questions and Answers Concerning The Committees For Public Schools, March 13, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Most common questions asked about the "who, what and why" of the Committees for Public Schools. 9 questions and answers. 2 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
3/13/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Virginia Committee for Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_6
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/99317988256d26889289479467ce62a7.pdf
e3912ed8e42bd7cb048d5b8ec537306f
PDF Text
Text
VIRGINIA COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
March 20, 195>9
ADVISORY BOARD:
Mr. Wilson M. Brown, Richmond - Vice-President of State Planters Bank of
Commerce end Trusts.
Mrs. J. L. Blair Buck, Richmond - Former President of General Federation of
Women's Clubs,
Mrs. Margaret Denny Dixon, Richmond - Well known author and civic leader.
Mrs. Douglas S. Freeman, Richmond - Active in civic affairs and widow of
famous historian
Rabbi Ariel L. Goldburg, D.D., Richmond - Rabbi of oldest Jewish congregation
in area and outstanding leader.
Mr. Newman Hamblet, Richmond - Vice-President of Thalhimer's Department Store.
Mr. John L. Hammond, Charlottesville - Manager of Sperry-Piedmont Company.
Most Rev. Joseph H. Hodges, D.D., Richmond - Revered Catholic Bishop.
Mr. Albert G. Hofheimer, Norfolk - Well known business and civic leader.
Mr. Edwin T. Holland, Arlington - President of Old Dominion Bank.
Miss Pela Plummer Hundley, Newport News - Prominent businesswoman.
Mrs. W. W. Kavanaugh, Roanoke - Immediate Past President of Virginia Congress
of Parents and Teachers.
Rt.Rev. W. H. Mannion, Roanoke - Episcopal Bishop of Southwestern Virginia.
Dr. Peter Mellette, Richmond - Regional Director of National Conference of
Christians and Jews.
Mr. Benjamin Muse, Fairfax County - Nationally known writer and columnist.
Dr. William F. Quillian, Jr., Lynchburg - President of Randolph-Macon
Woman's College.
Mr. Leroy Spigel, Newport News - Prominent businessman and civic leader.
Mr. Louis Spilman, Waynesboro - Editor of Waynesboro News-Virginian.
Mr. Beecher E. Stallard, Richmond - Prominent Attorney.
Dr. Louis Rader, Waynesboro - General Manager of Waynesboro General
Electric Plant.
OFFICERS:
Dr. J. L. Blair Buck, President - Widely known educator - Author of
"The Development of Public Schools in Virginia.
Mr. Edmund D. Campbell, Vice-President - Able constitutional lawyer - well
known church and civic leader.
Judge H. G. Cochran, Vice-President - Prominent former juvenile court judge.
Col. Francis Pickens Miller, Vice-President - Distinguished civic leader
and churchman.
Mr. Knox Turnbull, Vice-President - Prominent business executive and
Chairman of The Charlottesville Committee to
Preserve Public Schools.
Dr. James R. Sydnor, Treasurer - Professor of Music at Union Theological
Seminary - Organizer and Chairman of Richmond
Committee for Public Schools.
Mr. 0. Eugene Pickett, Recording Secretary - Minister of First Unitarian
Church, Richmond - civic leader.
Mr. William M. Lightsey, Executive Secretary - Northern Virginia PTA
Director - One of the organizers of Arlington and
Virginia Committees for Public Schools.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Listing of Advisory Board members and Officers of the Committee for Public Schools, March 20, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Listing of Advisory Board members and Officers of the Committee for Public Schools and gives their positions outside of the Committee.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2/20/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Virginia Committee for Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_7
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/756eb92236c3299475ee75eec308f1c9.pdf
3208e4fa5dbdacbcc7d3d3e81af20f66
PDF Text
Text
Virjgama C o m m ittee for P ublic Schools
R O O M 3, B R O A D-GRACE A R C A D E
Richmond 19, Virginia
April 6, 1959
A dvisory B oard
Mr. Wilson M. Brown
Richmond
Mrs. J. L. Blair Buck
Richmond
Mrs. Margaret Denny Dixon
Richmond
Mrs. Douglas S. Freeman
Richmond
Rabbi Ariel Goldburg, D.D.
Richmond
Mr. Newman Hamblet
Richmond
Mr. John L. Hammond
Charlottesville
Most Rev. Joseph H. Hodges, D.D.
Richmond
Mr. Albert G. Hofheimer
Norfolk
Mr. Edwin T. Holland
Arlington
Miss Pela Plummer Hundley
Newport News
Rt. Rev. W. H. Marmion, D.D.
Roanoke, Va.
Dr. Peter Mellette
Richmond
Mr. Benjamin Muse
Manassas
Dr. William F. Quillian, Jr.
Lynchburg
Mr. Leroy Spigal
Newport News
Mr. Louis Spilman
Waynesboro
Mr. Beecher E. Stallard
Richmond
Dr. Louis Rader
Waynesboro
Mr. Knox Turnbull
Charlottesville
Officers
Dr. J. L. Blair Buck
President
Mr. Edmund Campbell
Vice-President
Judge H. G. Cochran
V ice-President
Col. Francis Pickens Miller
Vice-President
Dr. James R. Sydnor
Treasurer
Mr. O. Eugene Pickett
Recording Secretary
Mr. William M. Lightsey
Executive Secretary
T elephone MI lton 9-0559
TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE MEMBERS OP THE GENERAL
ASSEMBLY OP THE COMMONWEALTH OP VIRGINIA.On behalf of the more than 21,000 white citizens
of Virginia who are members of the Virginia Committee
for Public Schools, I wish to urge your favorable
consideration of the general program recommended by
the three-to-one majority of the Perrow Commission"
on Education.
We concur in the opinion expressed by the great
majority of the press of the State that the legis
lation recommended in the Majority Report of the
Commission constitutes the best plan yet proposed
for meeting the widely varied problems facing the
several sections of the State as a result of the de
segregation orders of the Federal Courts.
We fully agree that there is no need to amend
the Virginia Constitution, We appeal to you to re
sist all efforts to delete or alter the constitution
al guarantees of free public education for all who
desire it.
We endorse the principle of local determination
embodied in several recommendations of the Commission.
It is our hope that no locality will damage its fu
ture by impairment of educational opportunity for
those y/ho must rely on public schools.
The several bills recommended by the majority
of the Commission require careful study. We par
ticularly invite your attention to the following
points;
Surplus Property Bill (pages 49-50 of Report) - The
question of the constitutionality of this bill needs
careful consideration. Furthermore, any legislation
dealing with this subject needs safeguards to pre
vent the irrevocable disposition of public school
property on the basis of decisions reached in the
heat of a local crisis. The long-time welfare of
the community should be the paramount consideration.
If legislation such as proposed in this Bill is en
acted, we strongly recommend that it include a pro
vision which would permit a locality to repossess
public property that is disposed of, such repossession
STEER,NC C o m m itte e ; H. W. Tulloch, Waynesboro; Mrs. Vernon Weihe, Arlington; Roy Sloop, Newport News;
£ |rew
W. B. Shepheard, Norfolk; James R. Sydnor, Richmond; J. A. Rolston, Charlottesville; John F.tzgerald, Front Royal, J. L. Bla.r Buck, Richmond.
L o c a l C o m m .tte e s; Alexandria, Arlington, Blacksburg, Charlottesville, Fairfax-Falls Church, Norfolk, Peninsula, Richmond, Warren County.
�right to he exercised, during a period of five or ten years,
without net loss to the locality.
Compulsory Attendance Bill (pages 56-60 of Report) - We are
pleased that the Commission has "recommended legislation to
provide for compulsory school attendance. However, we would
much prefer that this legislation provide that the require
ments for attendance automatically apply, unless suspended by
action of the governing body of a particular locality.
Bill for Transportation of Children Attending Nonsectarian
Private Schools (page "60' of' Beport) - Though it may be implied,
we recommend that this Bill clearly state that school boards
which provide transportation for children attending nonseetarian private schools shall also provide transportation for
children attending public schools.
The future of Virginia depends directly on the degree of
educational opportunity available to all her children. The
members of the Perrow Commission on Education are to be
commended for recommending a course of action which meets a
most difficult situation with a minimum of damage to our
State system of public schools.
Sincerely,
J . i. Blair Buck
President
wTTT iac I . li'ghtsey
T
Executive Secretary
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter: "To the Governor and the Members of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia" from the Virginia Committee for Public Schools, April 6, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter urging Governor and General Assembly to follow the plan in the Majority Report of the Perrow Commission on Education not to amend the Virginia Constitution. 2 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
4/6/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Virginia Committee for Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_8
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/aa8c532f3f78f618be300c7dc48cce72.pdf
f043cc40440fbbea652f8fd47ce4c886
PDF Text
Text
S T A T E M E N T BY LEW IS F . P O W E L L , JR . , CH A IR M A N , RICHM OND C IT Y P U B L IC SCH O O L
BOARD, ON B E H A L F O F T H E SCHOO L BOARD S U P P O R T IN G C O N ST RU C TIO N O F THE N E W
HIGH S C H O O L S W IT H O U T D E L A Y - M A Y 6, 1959
M r . M a y o r a n d M e m b e r s of. C o u n c i l :
T h e S c h o o l B o a r d b e l i e v e s t h a t th e public i n t e r e s t r e q u i r e s t h a t th e p r o p o s e d new high s c h o o l s
b e b u i l t w i t h o u t d e l a y . I n v i e w o f t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e q u e s t i o n , it s e e m s d e s i r a b l e t h a t t h e
r e a s o n s fo r t h is v iew sh o u ld b e sta te d fra n k ly an d fu lly . D u rin g r e c e n t w eek s th e s e r e a s o n s
h a v e b e e n r e v i e w e d a n d d i s c u s s e d w ith C o u n c i l i n f o r m a l l y , a n d v a r i o u s a l t e r n a t i v e s h a v e a l s o
b e e n c a r e f u l ly ex p lo red . It is no w d e s ira b le , a s C o u n cil w ise ly d e c id e d , to c o n s id e r the e n
t i r e s i t u a t i o n i n t h i s p u b l i c h e a r ing.
P a r t of a L o n g R a n g e P r o g r a m
L e t u s f i r s t r e v i e w b r i e f l y t h e h i s t o r y of t h i s p r o p o s a l . R i c h m o n d h a s b e e n e n g a g e d i n a
m a j o r s c h o o l b u i l d i n g p r o g r a m s i n c e 1946. I n t h e i n t e r v e n i n g 14 y e a r s w e h a v e b u i l t c o m p l e t e
l y n e w o r m a d e m a j o r a d d i t i o n s t o s o m e 28 s c h o o l s . A l l o f t h e s e h a v e b e e n e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s
e x c e p t f o r t h e A r m s t r o n g H i g h S c h o o l b u i l t in 1 9 5 2 . T h i s b u i l d i n g p r o g r a m h a s not b e e n a
h a p h a z a r d o n e . F o r t h e m o s t p a r t , it h a s b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d p u r s u a n t t o a l o n g r a n g e p l a n
w h i c h h a s c o n t e m p l a t e d at a b o u t t h i s t i m e t.wo n e w c o m b i n e d j u n i o r - s e n i o r h i g h s c h o o l s f o r
w hite p u p i l s , one on the N o r t h s i d e and the o t h e r on the S o u th s id e ,
T h e s e tw o n e w sc h o o ls ( u s u a l l y r e f e r r e d to a s h ig h s c h o o ls ) w e r e f i r s t p r o p o s e d b y the H a r l a n d B a r t h o l o m e w R e p o r t a n d a p p r o v e d b y t h e C i t y P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n i n 1945. T h e i r n e e d w a s
r e a f f i r m e d b y t h e S e g o e St udy o f 1951; b y a m o r e r e c e n t s p e c i a l s t u d y c o m m i t t e e of t h e S t a t e
B o a r d of E d u c a tio n ; by th e C ity P la n n in g C o m m i s s i o n ; and l a s t y e a r t h e y w e r e a p p r o v e d b y
th e C ity C o u n c il and th e n e c e s s a r y funds a p p r o p r i a t e d . T h is a c t i o n b y C ounc il w as, h o w e v e r ,
s u b j e c t t o a f i n a l r e v i e w t h i s s p r i n g in light o f p o s s i b l e d e v e l o p m e n t s r e l a t i n g t o t h e i n t e g r a t i o n
c r i s i s in V irg in ia .
W e t h i n k C o u n c i l w a s j u s t i f i e d in r e s e r v i n g t h i s r i g h t of f i n a l r e v i e w , a s a g o o d d e a l h a s
h a p p e d e d in r e c e n t m o n th s a n d w e e k s w hich at l e a s t d e f in e s m o r e s h a r p l y th e c h o ic e s w h ich
are av ailab le.
T he F u n d a m e n ta l Q u estion
In a n y e v e n t , i n v i e w of t h e h i s t o r y o f o u r b u i l d i n g p l a n s a n d p r o g r a m , i t i s b e l i e v e d t h a t a l l
w i l l a g r e e (i) t h a t t h e n e w h i g h s c h o o l s w e r e p l a n n e d t o m e e t R i c h m o n d ' s n e e d s l o n g b e f o r e
t h e i n t e g r a t i o n p r o b l e m a r o s e , a n d (ii) t h a t t h e s c h o o l s a r e in f a c t n e e d e d n o w u n l e s s t h e e x
iste n c e of th e in te g ra tio n p r o b l e m elim in a te s o r m a te r ia lly a l t e r s su c h n eed.
T h is b r i n g s u s to the f u n d a m e n t a l q u e s tio n of w h e t h e r g e n e r a l p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n w ill c o n tin u e
in R ic h m o n d . T h is is e s s e n t i a l l y th e s a m e q u e s t io n w h ic h s e v e r a l o t h e r V i r g i n i a c o m m u n i t i e s
hav e a l r e a d y f a c e d and w h ich r e c e n tly r e c e i v e d th e m o s t c a r e f u l c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y the G o v e r n o r
th e P e r r o w C o m m i s s i o n a n d t h e S p ecial S e s s i o n of th e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y .
A s a ll of t h e s e h a v e r e c o g n i z e d , th e q u e s tio n is no lo n g e r w h e t h e r t h e r e w ill b e i n t e g r a t i o n in
V i r g i n i a . T h e r e i s i n f a c t a l r e a d y s o m e i n t e g r a t i o n i n V i r g i n i a , a n d u n d e r t h e r u l e s of l a w
e s ta b lis h e d b y the c o u rts th e r e w ill continue to be s o m e in te g r a tio n - - u n l e s s p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n
i s aban don ed. T h is i s an u n w e lc o m e situ a tio n to a la r g e m a jo r ity o f o u r p e o p l e b u t t h e t i m e
has c o m e to p u t a s id e w ish fu l and em o tio n a l th in k in g and fa c e r e a l i t i e s .
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2
-
T h e s i m p l e t r u t h is t h a t th e u l t i m a t e c h o ic e h e r e in R ic h m o n d ( a s it h a s b e e n a n d w ill b e in
o t h e r c o m m u n i t i e s in V i r g i n ia ) i s b e tw e e n s o m e i n t e g r a t i o n o r t h e a b a n d o n m e n t o f o u r p u b lic
s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n . T h e r e i s , o f c o u r s e , th e e l e m e n t o f t i m i n g a n d a lth o u g h l i t i g a t i o n i s p e n d in g ,
n o a t t e m p t i s b e in g m a d e in t h e s e r e m a r k s to s u g g e s t t h e o u tc o m e o r c o u r s e o f a n y p a r t i c u l a r
l i t i g a t i o n . I a m s p e a k in g to n i g h t b r o a d l y a b o u t R i c h m o n d 's c h o ic e f o r t h e lo n g r a n g e f u t u r e .
B u t w e m u s t f a c e t h i s c h o ic e a t t h i s tim e a s i t o b v i o u s l y r e l a t e s to t h e d e c i s i o n on th e n e w
s c h o o ls .
P u b l i c E d u c a tio n C a n n o t b e A b a n d o n e d
I t i s p e r h a p s n o t s u r p r i s i n g t h a t t h e S c h o o l B o a r d , u n a n i m o u s l y a n d w i t h d e e p c o n v ic tio n , b e
l i e v e s t h a t p u b lic e d u c a t i o n in t h e C ity of R ic h m o n d m u s t b e c o n tin u e d . I n d e e d , a s s t a t e d in
t h e B o a r d 's r e c e n t b u d g e t m e s s a g e to C o u n c il, w e f e e l t h a t o u r p u b lic s c h o o l s y s t e m - - a s f in e
a s i t i s a t p r e s e n t - - n o t o n ly m u s t b e c o n tin u e d b u t a l s o w e m u s t s t r i v e c o n s t a n t ly to i m p r o v e
i t s o v e r - a l l q u a l i t y an d e f f e c t i v e n e s s . T h e r e h a s n e v e r b e e n a t i m e i n t h e h i s t o r y o f o u r s t a t e
a n d n a t i o n w h e n e d u c a tio n w a s m o r e e s s e n t i a l .
I do n o t w a n t to t r e s p a s s o n t h e t i m e of C o u n c il b y a r g u i n g th e o b v io u s , a s s u r e l y th e g r e a t
m a j o r i t y o f o u r p e o p le r e c o g n i z e th e n e c e s s i t y o f c o n tin u in g p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n . I a m c o n f id e n t
t h a t t h i s i s t h e v ie w of th e m e m b e r s of t h i s C o u n c il . B u t t h e r e a r e s o m e - - t h r o u g h u n d e r
s t a n d a b l e r e s e n t m e n t a t a n u n w e lc o m e s o c i a l c h a n g e f o r c e d u p o n u s b y l a w - - w ho h a v e e x p r e s s e d
a w i l l i n g n e s s t o a b a n d o n p u b l i c e d u c a tio n r a t h e r t h a n s u f f e r a n y i n t e g r a t i o n .
T o t h o s e o f o u r c i t i z e n s w h o e n t e r t a i n t h i s v ie w , I u r g e t h e m t o r e f l e c t on N o r f o l k 's b r i e f b u t
t r a g i c e x p e r i e n c e , a n d t h e n to v i s u a l i z e th e c a t a s t r o p h i c e f f e c t u p o n a g r e a t c i t y o f no g e n e r a l
e d u c a t i o n f o r a p e r i o d o f y e a r s . T h is w o u ld b e m e a s u r e d in t e r m s o f (i) i n c r e a s e d j u v e n ile
d e l i n q u e n c y a n d c r i m e , ( ii) d e t e r i o r a t i o n in t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y of t h e p e o p l e an d in th e e c o n o m ic
h e a l t h o f t h e c o m m u n ity , ( i i i ) a p r o b a b l e r i s e in t h e t a x b u r d e n o f t h o s e c a l l e d u p o n to c a r r y t h e
i n c r e a s e d e c o n o m ic lo a d t h a t w o u ld in e v i t a b l y r e s u l t f r o m w i d e s p r e a d i l l i t e r a c y a n d d i m i n i s h i n g
p r o d u c t i v i t y , (iv ) a d i l u t e d c a p a c i t y of o u r c i t i z e n s to e x e r c i s e i n t e l l i g e n t l y th e f r a n c h i s e o f
v o tin g , a n d (v) in d e e d , a w a r p i n g an d c o r r o s i v e e f f e c t u p o n th e p e r s o n a l i t y , a s p i r a t i o n s a n d
o p p o r t u n it y o f e a c h i n d i v i d u a l c h ild in o u r c o m m u n i t y .
In b r i e f , t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f a b a n d o n in g p u b lic s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n ( w h ic h w o u ld m e a n no e f f e c t iv e
e d u c a t i o n f o r t h o u s a n d s o f c h i l d r e n ) w o u ld b e i n t o l e r a b l e . H o w e v e r b i t t e r l y m a n y of o u r p e o p l e
r e s e n t i n t e g r a t i o n (a n d I d o n o t u n d e r e s t i m a t e t h e d e p th o f t h i s f e e l i n g ) , w e o n th e School. B o a r d
a r e c o n f i d e n t t h a t w h e n t h e y u n d e r s t a n d th e o n ly a l t e r n a t i v e s w h ic h in t h e n e a r f u t u r e w ill a c t
u a l l y b e a v a i l a b l e to u s , a n o v e r w h e lm in g m a j o r i t y w ill t h e n i n s i s t t h a t p u b l i c s c h o o ls b e c o n
t in u e d .
W e b e l i e v e , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h e S c h o o l B o a r d a n d C o u n c il m u s t m o v e f o r w a r d w ith lo n g r a n g e
p l a n s t o p r o v i d e t h i s e d u c a t i o n , a n d t h e s e tw o n e w h ig h s c h o o l s a r e th e c o r n e r s t o n e of s u c h
p la n s .
P r i v a t e S c h o o ls A r e N o t a n A l t e r n a t i v e
A t t h i s p o i n t it m a y b e w e ll to m e n tio n th e p l a c e o f p r i v a t e s c h o o l s . U n d e r t h e " f r e e d o m of
c h o i c e " p o l i c y r e c e n t l y e n a c t e d in to la w b y th e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y , i t i s p r o p e r l y c o n t e m p l a t e d
t h a t n o c h i l d w ill b e f o r c e d t o a t t e n d a m ix e d s c h o o l . T h is p o l i c y , i m p l e m e n t e d b y a s y s t e m o f
�- 3 s c h o l a r s h i p g r a n t s , w ill u n d o u b te d ly r e s u l t in a n i n c r e a s e in p r i v a t e s c h o o l e d u c a tio n .
T h e r e a r e s o m e w ho s u g g e s t t h a t p r i v a t e s c h o o l s w ill l a r g e l y s u p p la n t p u b l i c s c h o o l s . W h ile
t h i s m a y b e t r u e in c e r t a i n o f o u r c o u n tie s a n d s m a l l e r c o m m u n i t i e s , t h e in e s c a p a b l e t r u t h
i s t h a t t h i s i s n o t f e a s i b l e f o r R ic h m o n d .
T h e p u b l i c s c h o o l s y s t e m o f t h i s c i t y is a m a j o r a n d c o m p le x e n t e r p r i s e . O u r p h y s i c a l p l a n t
a lo n e i s v a l u e d a t $ 4 0 , 0 3 5 , 0 0 0 , a n d a s C o u n c il k n o w s th e o p e r a t i n g b u d g e t p r o p o s e d f o r n e x t
y e a r i s $ 1 1 , 7 0 0 , 0 0 0 . T h e s y s t e m in c lu d e s s o m e 60 s e p a r a t e s c h o o l s ; w e h a v e n e a r l y 1500
t e a c h e r s ; a n d t h i s y e a r 's e n r o l l m e n t in c lu d e s m o r e t h a n 39, 000 p u p i l s . B o n a f id e p r i v a t e
s c h o o l s s i m p l y c a n n o t r e p l a c e t h i s e x te n s iv e e d u c a t i o n a l s y s t e m - - i n w h o le o r e v e n in m a j o r
p a rt.
T h e p r e s e n t p r i v a t e s c h o o l s a r e a l r e a d y o v e r c r o w d e d . T h e r e w ill n o d o u b t b e s o m e n e w
p r i v a t e s c h o o l s , b u t t h e s e - - e v e n if th e y s u r v i v e th e f i n a n c i a l a n d o p e r a t i o n a l h a z a r d s c h a r a c t e r
i s t i c o f s u c h s c h o o ls - - w ill s e r v e (w ith v a r y i n g d e g r e e s of a d e q u a c y ) o n ly a s m a l l f r a c t i o n of
o u r e x p a n d in g s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n . A nd th e c h i l d r e n s o s e r v e d w i l l l a r g e l y c o m e f r o m th e u p p e r
e c o n o m ic b r a c k e t s , l e a v i n g t h e g r e a t m a s s e s o f m id d le a n d l o w e r i n c o m e f a m i l i e s o f b o th r a c e s
s t i l l d e p e n d e n t e n t i r e l y o n f r e e p u b lic e d u c a tio n .
T h e r e i s a n o t h e r r e a s o n w h y i t i s h o p e d an d b e l i e v e d t h a t n o c o n c e r t e d e f f o r t w ill b e m a d e t o
s u p p la n t p u b l i c w ith p r i v a t e e d u c a t i o n . If t h i s s h o u l d b e a c c o m p l i s h e d t o a m a j o r e x te n t ( th r o u g h
th e w i d e s p r e a d u s e of s u r p l u s s a l e s an d s c h o l a r s h i p g r a n t s ) , many c o n s t i t u t i o n a l l a w y e r s f e e l
t h a t t h e r e s u l t i n g p r i v a t e s c h o o l s y s t e m w o u ld in f a c t b e d e e m e d p u b l i c in n a t u r e an d w o u ld
in e v ita b ly go dow n b e f o re th e f e d e r a l c o u r ts .
T h e N ew S c h o o ls W ill L e s s e n t h e
In te g ra tio n P ro b le m
I c o m e n o w to a n o th e r p o i n t w h ic h m a y n o t b e f u l ly u n d e r s t o o d . T h e n e w s c h o o ls w ill a c t u a l l y
a m e l i o r a t e t h e i n t e g r a t i o n p r o b l e m . T h e y w ill c e r t a i n l y n o t a g g r a v a t e o r m a g n if y it.
W e f o r e s e e n o s u b s t a n t i a l i n t e g r a t i o n in th e e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s in R ic h m o n d . T h e r e a r e , in d e e d ,
s o u n d r e a s o n s to b e l i e v e t h a t a m a j o r i t y o f t h e e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s w ill h a v e no m o r e th a n a
n e g l i g i b l e p e r c e n t a g e of i n t e g r a t i o n f o r m a n y y e a r s . T h is is t r u e b e c a u s e t h e r e a r e s u f f i c i e n t
e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s , o f e q u a l q u a l i t y a n d p r o p e r l y d i s t r i b u t e d g e o g r a p h i c a l l y , to s e r v e a d e q u a t e l y
th e c h i l d r e n o f b o th r a c e s . T h e s i t u a t i o n i s , h o w e v e r , q u ite d i f f e r e n t w ith r e s p e c t to th e j u n i o r
a n d s e n i o r h ig h s c h o o ls . I n v i e w o f th e r a p i d l y r i s i n g N e g r o p o p u l a t i o n , w e m u s t p r o v id e
p r o m p t l y a d d i t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s a t t h i s l e v e l . I n d e e d , t h e r e c o u ld b e p r o b l e m s o f s e r i o u s p r o p o r
t i o n s a t J o h n M a r s h a l l a n d c e r t a i n of o u r j u n i o r h ig h s c h o o l s u n l e s s th e tw o n e w s c h o o ls a r e
b u ilt.
I t i s n o t s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of th e n e w s c h o o l s w o u ld i n i t s e l f p r e v e n t s o m e i n t e g r a t io n
a t th e s e c o n d a r y l e v e l in R ic h m o n d . T h e e x t e n t t o w h ic h t h i s o c c u r s w ill d e p e n d u p o n v a r i o u s
u n p r e d i c t a b l e f a c t o r s , s u c h a s th e l e a d e r s h i p in b o th r a c e s , t h e a t t i t u d e s a n d r e s t r a i n t o f o u r
p e o p le , t h e e x te n t a n d r e s u l t s o f l i t i g a t i o n , a n d t h e s h i f t s o f p o p u l a t i o n . B u t h o w e v e r t h e s e
f a c t o r s m a y d e v e lo p , i t i s t h e c o n s i d e r e d o p in io n o f t h e B o a r d t h a t t h e n e w s c h o o l s w o u ld
a p p r e c i a b l y i m p r o v e b o th t h e s h o r t an d lo n g r a n g e p r o s p e c t f o r m i n i m i z i n g th e i m p a c t o f i n t e
g ra tio n .
�- 4 T h e U n fo rtu n a te C o n s e q u e n c e s
of F u r t h e r D e la y
T h e r e a r e s o m e w ho h a v e s a i d t o th e B o a r d
" W e a g r e e g e n e r a l l y w ith a l l t h a t y o u s a y , b u t
w hy th e r u s h - - w h y n o t w a it a t l e a s t a n o th e r y e a r a n d s e e w h a t h a p p e n s ? "
W h en d i f f i c u l t d e c i s i o n s a r e c o n f r o n t e d , t h e r e i s a l w a y s a n a t u r a l t e m p t a t i o n to d e l a y m a k in g
t h e m . T h e B o a r d is n o t a b o v e t e m p t a t i o n of t h i s s o r t , a n d so w e to o h a v e g iv e n t h i s p o s s i b i l
i t y o u r m o s t s e r i o u s c o n s i d e r a t i o n . W e h a d c o n c lu d e d , h o w e v e r , e v e n b e f o r e t h e e n a c t m e n t
o f th e n e w V i r g i n i a la w s , t h a t t h e r e is n o th in g t o b e g a in e d f r o m d e l a y a n d t h e r e i s p r o b a b l y a
good d e a l to b e lo s t.
I t s h o u ld b e r e m e m b e r e d t h a t o n e o f th e g r e a t n e e d s f o r t h e s e b u i l d i n g s a t t h i s t i m e g r o w s o u t
o f th e i n c r e a s e in e n r o l l m e n t a m o n g N e g r o p u p i l s . I f t h e s e s c h o o ls a r e n o t b u ild w e c a n n o t
r e l e a s e e x i s t i n g b u ild in g s t o h o u s e t h i s r a p i d l y i n c r e a s i n g N e g r o s c h o o l p o p u la tio n . W e w o u ld
th e n h a v e t o b u i l d o t h e r b u i l d i n g s to m e e t t h i s n e e d w h ic h i s a l r e a d y u p o n u s . I n d e e d , th e
c o n v e r s i o n o f C h a n d le r a n d B a i n b r i d g e to th e u s e o f N e g r o p u p i l s a f t e r t h e c o m p le tio n o f th e
n e w h i g h s c h o o l s m a y n o t c o m p l e t e l y s o lv e t h e n e e d f o r h ig h s c h o o l f a c i l i t i e s in t h e s e a r e a s ,
A f u r t h e r r e a s o n f o r p r o c e e d i n g w ith o u r p l a n s i m m e d i a t e l y i s t h a t t h i s l a c k o f f a c i l i t i e s f o r
N e g r o p u p i l s m a y w e ll a c c e l e r a t e t h e p r e s s u r e f o r i n t e g r a t i o n - - a p r e s s u r e w h ic h w o u ld b e
m o s t s e r i o u s l y f e l t a t J o h n M a r s h a l l , C h a n d le r , a n d B a in b r i d g e b e c a u s e o f th e i n c r e a s i n g
n u m b e r o f N e g r o r e s i d e n t s in t h e s e a r e a s .
M o r e o v e r , i f th e n e w s c h o o l s a r e s u b s t a n t i a l l y d e l a y e d , h ig h s c h o o l b o u n d a r y l i n e s w ill
p r o b a b l y h a v e to b e c h a n g e d , p r i m a r i l y a f f e c t in g w h ite p u p i l s o n t h e N o r t h s i d e , th e S o u th s id e ,
an d t h e c e n t r a l p a r t of t h e c i t y . In f a c t , T h o m a s J e f f e r s o n an d A l b e r t H . H i l l w ill b e so
c r o w d e d t h a t s o m e t e m p o r a r y s o lu tio n m u s t b e f o u n d if b o u n d a r y l i n e s a r e n o t to b e c h a n g e d
f o r t h e c o m in g s c h o o l y e a r . S u c h c h a n g e s w o u ld d i s t u r b lo n g e s t a b l i s h e d f a m i ly a n d c o m m u n ity
p a tte rn s .
T h e r e i s a l s o t h e o b v io u s d e s i r a b i l i t y of c l a r i f y i n g e x i s t i n g d o u b t a n d u n c e r t a i n t y a s to th e
f u t u r e o f p u b l i c e d u c a tio n in R ic h m o n d . N o t o n ly t h e p u b lic b u t a l s o t h e t e a c h e r s an d e m p l o y e e s
of th e s c h o o l s y s t e m s h o u ld b e a s s u r e d t h a t p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n w ill b e c o n tin u e d in o u r c i t y - a lth o u g h e v e r y p r o p e r e f f o r t w ill b e m a d e t o m i n i m i z e t h e e x t e n t a n d e f f e c t o f i n t e g r a t io n
w h e n i t c o m e s . A d e c i s i o n b y C o u n c il to p r o c e e d w ith t h e lo n g e s t a b l i s h e d p l a n s f o r th e n e w
s c h o o ls w i l l d o m u c h to c l a r i f y t h e s i t u a t i o n , a n d m a y w e ll p r e v e n t s o m e o f t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s
w h ic h h a v e b e s e t o t h e r c o m m u n i t i e s .
C o n c lu s io n
A n d n o w a f e w w o r d s in c o n c l u s i o n : T h e S c h o o l B o a r d a n d th e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n r e c o g n i z e t h a t
th e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e s e b u i l d i n g s w ill c e r t a i n l y n o t s o lv e th e b a s i c p r o b l e m , a n d a n y d e c i s i o n
m a d e a t t h i s t i m e w h ic h t r i e s t o a n t i c i p a t e f u t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t s n e c e s s a r i l y c a r r i e s w ith i t
s o m e c a l c u l a t e d e l e m e n t o f r i s k . W e h a v e , h o w e v e r , g iv e n t h e v a r i o u s p o s s i b l e c o u r s e s o f
a c t i o n t h e m o s t c a r e f u l s t u d y , a n d it i s o u r b e s t ju d g m e n t t h a t p r o c e e d i n g p r o m p t l y w ith t h e
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e s e s c h o o l s i n v o l v e s th e l e a s t r i s k of s e r i o u s d a m a g e t o o u r c o m m u n ity .
I t m a y a l s o b e a p p r o p r i a t e t o e x p r e s s th e f o llo w in g g e n e r a l t h o u g h t s a b o u t o u r s i t u a t i o n in
R ic h m o n d . V i r g i n i a h a s n o w f a c e d th e i n t e g r a t i o n p r o b l e m f o r 5 y e a r s . S e v e r a l c o m m u n i t i e s
h a v e h a d e x t r e m e l y d i f f i c u l t e x p e r i e n c e s , w ith c h i l d r e n o u t o f s c h o o l s a n d r e s u l t i n g d i s c o r d
�^ ' <r
- 5 a n d d i s r u p t i o n . W e h a v e h a d t h e g o o d f o r t u n e , u p t o t h i s t i m e , o f a v o i d i n g c lo s e d sc h o o ls and
b i t t e r c o n t r o v e r s y . R i c h m o n d i s a c o n s e r v a t i v e a n d m a t u r e c ity . I t h a s e n jo y e d a long and
c h e r i s h e d t r a d i t i o n o f r e s t r a i n t a n d r e s p e c t f o r i n d iv id u a l r i g h t s a s w e l l a s e s ta b lis h e d c u s to m s
a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s . W e a l s o v a l u e e d u c a tio n , a n d h a v e a p u b lic s c h o o l s y s t e m th e e x c e lle n c e of
w h ic h h a s a t t r a c t e d n a t i o n a l r e c o g n i t i o n . In s h o r t , w e :liv e in a n u n u s u a l c ity , an d one of w h ich
we a r e ju s tly p ro u d .
W e a r e n o w f a c e d w ith a p e r i o d o f t r i a l a n d a d j u s t m e n t - - p o t e n t i a l l y m o r e d iffic u lt th a n an y
c o m p a r a b l e p e r i o d w ith in l i v i n g m e m o r y . T h e r e i s n e v e r t h e l e s s r e a s o n t o b e lie v e th a t we
h a v e h e r e t h e r e q u i s i t e l e a d e r s h i p , ju d g m e n t a n d s e n s e of h i s t o r y t o s o l v e th e p r o b le m s of
t h i s p e r i o d i n a m a n n e r in w h ic h b o th p r e s e n t a n d f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s w i l l n o t be a s h a m e d . A t
l e a s t , t h o s e o f u s i n p o s i t i o n s o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y h a v e a n o b lig a tio n t o s e e k su c h s o lu tio n s .
L e w is F . P o w e l l , J r . , C h a irm a n
R ic h m o n d P u b l i c S c h o o l B o a rd
M ay 6, 1959
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Statement by Lewis F. Powell, Jr., Chairman, Richmond City Public School Board, On Behalf of the School Board Supporting Construction of the New High Schools Without Delay, May 6, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Statement to build high schools as part of established long-range plan. High schools were planned o meet Richmond's needs long before integration problem arose. Discusses how integration may affect Richmond School system. Expresses the opinion that Public Education cannot be abandoned. 5 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/6/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Richmond City Public School Board
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_10
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/3306a1bbd359481b44bf9c086ab7e161.pdf
044f57e0643d0e14a370019ca0d91c94
PDF Text
Text
tm m
ROOM
3
, BRO AD-G RACE ARCADE
Richmond 19, Virginia
A p r i l 15> 1959
,
T e l e p h o n e M I l t o n 9-0559
A d v iso ry B o a rd
Mr. Wilson M. Brown
Richmond
Mrs. J. L. Blair Buck
Richmond
To:
L o c a l C o m m ittees f o r P u b l i c S c h o o l s
Prom :
W i l l i a m M. L i g h t s e y , E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y
S u b ject:
A n a l y s i s o f P r o p o s e d C o n s t i t u t i o n a l Amendments
Mrs. Margaret Denny Dixon
Richmond
Mrs. Douglas S. Freeman
Richmond
Rabbi Ariel L. Goldburg, D.D.
Richmond
Mr. Newman Hamblet
Richmond
Mr. John L. Hammond
Charlottesville
Most Rev. Joseph H. Hodges, D.D.
Richmond
Mr. Albert G. Hofheimer
Norfolk
Mr. Edwin T. Holland
Arlington
Miss Pela Plummer Hundley
Newport News
Mrs. W. W. Kavanaugh
Roanoke
Rt. Rev. W. H. Marmion, D.D.
Roanoke
Dr. Peter Mellette
Richmond
Mr. Benjamin Muse
Manassas
Dr. William F. Quillian, Jr.
Lynchburg
Mr. Leroy Spigel
A t t a c h e d i s an e x c e l l e n t a n a l y s i s of t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l
c h a n g e s p r o p o s e d i n House J o i n t R e s o l u t i o n 2 3 , o f f e r e d
i n t h e G e n e r a l A ssem bly A p r i l 9 by D e l e g a t e W h e a t le y
and 28 o t h e r D e l e g a t e s . T h is a n a l y s i s was p r e p a r e d by
Mr. Edmund D. C a m p b e ll, C hairm an o f o u r l e g a l s u b
c o m m i t t e e . Mr. C am pbell a l s o s t a t e s t h e f o l l o w i n g
o p in io n s:
" I f t h e p r o p o s e d c o n s t i t u t i o n a l amendm ents a r e d e
s i g n e d t o t a k e t h e S t a t e o u t o f th e p u b l i c s c h o o l b u s i
n e s s th e y com p letely f a i l in t h e i r p u r p o s e .
In f a c t,
t h e y w o u ld h a v e th e e f f e c t o f e m a s c u l a t i n g t h e V i r g i n i a
p u b l i c s c h o o l sy s te m w i t h o u t any c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e g a l
b e n e f i t s t o th e S t a t e in i t s f i g h t to l i m i t i n t e g r a
tio n .
I t i s c l e a r fr o m t h e p r o p o s e d amendm ents t h a t
t h e S t a t e w ould s t i l l r u n a f o u l o f t h e F e d e r a l c o u r t s
t o t h e same e x t e n t a s a t p r e s e n t , b e c a u s e i t i s s t i l l
m a in ta in in g a ti g h t c o n tro l over th e o p e ra tio n s of
lo c a l p u b lic schools.
Newport News
Mr. Louis Spilman
Waynesboro
Mr. Beecher E. Stallard
Richmond
Dr. Louis Rader
Waynesboro
O fficers
Dr. J. L. Blair Buck
President
Mr. Edmund Campbell
Vice-President
Judge H. G. Cochran
Vice-President
Col. Francis Pickens Miller
Vice-President
Mr. Knox Turnbull
Vice-President
Dr. James R. Sydnor
Treasurer
Mr. Eugene Pickett
Recording Secretary
Mr. William M. Lightsey
Executive Secretary
"The p r o p o s e d amendment t o S e c t i o n 12 9 i s o f f i c i a l l y
d e s i g n e d t o g r a n t l o c a l autonomy t o c o u n t i e s and c i t i e s
w h ic h w i s h t o m a i n t a i n a p u b l i c s c h o o l s y s t e m , b u t i n
t h e p r o p o s e d amendments o f s u b s e q u e n t s e c t i o n s , th e
L e g is la tu r e re s e rv e s th e r i g h t to co m p letely d e stro y
t h i s l o c a l autonom y. From t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f much
o f t h e S t a t e , I t h i n k t h e amendments w o u ld p r o v e t o
be v e r y b a d .
" I am n o t a t a l l s u r e t h a t t h e p r o p o n e n t s o f t h e
amendm ents h av e u n d e r s t o o d t h e f u l l s i g n i f i c a n c e o f
th em , a l t h o u g h th e y u n d o u b t e d l y w ant t o h a v e t h e i r
cak e an d o a t i t t o o .
I r e a l i z e th a t t h e proposed
amended S e c t i o n 133 i s n o t v e r y d i f f e r e n t fr o m t h e
e x i s t i n g S e c t i o n 133 o f t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n ,
H owever,
e x i s t i n g S e c t i o n 133 i s b a s e d upon t h e e x i s t i n g S e c
t i o n 1 2 9 , u n d e r w h ic h S t a t e m a i n t e n a n c e a n d c o n t r o l of
th e p u b l i c school sy s te m i s e s t a b l i s h e d .
I f S ectio n
129 i s t o b e c h a n g e d , t h e n i t i s e s s e n t i a l t h a t d r a s
t i c c h a n g e s be made i n S e c t i o n 133 a n d o t h e r s e c t i o n s
o f A r t i c l e IX i n o r d e r t o c a r r y t h e p r i n c i p l e s of
l o c a l au to n om y i n t o e f f e c t . "
L ocal C ommittees : Alexandria. Arlington, Blacksburg, Charlottesville, Christiansburg, Fairfax-Falls Church, Lynchburg Norfolk, Peninsula,
Richmond, Rockingham, Warren County, Waynesboro.
�M ORANDUM OH LEGAL EFFECT OF PROPOSED AMENDMENTS
EM
TO SECTIONS 1 2 9 , 1 3 0 , 132, 1 3 3 , 1 3 4 , 1 3 $ , 1 3 6 , 139
AND 173 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF VIRGINIA_______
The p r o p o s e d c o n s t i t u t i o n a l amendments a r e p r e s u m a b ly d e s i g n e d
t o im p ro v e t h e l e g a l p o s t u r e o f th e r e c o m m e n d a t io n s o f t h e P errow Com
m i s s i o n b y t a k i n g th e S t a t e o u t o f t h e p u b l i c s c h o o l b u s i n e s s and
g r a n t i n g l o c a l autonomy t o com m un ities t o c o n d u c t p u b l i c s c h o o l s o r
n o t a s t h e y may d e s i r e .
The p r o p o s e d amendments f a i l c o m p l e t e l y o f t h e i r p u r p o s e i n t h a t
(1)
They do n o t t a k e t h e S t a t e o u t o f t h e p u b l i c s c h o o l
b u s i n e s s , an d
(2)
T hey do n o t g r a n t l o c a l autonomy t o a c i t y o r c o u n t y
w h ic h may w i s h t o m a i n t a i n a p u b l i c s c h o o l sy s tem *
The p r o p o s e d amendment t o S e c t i o n 129 p r o v i d e s :
" E v e ry c o u n t y , c i t y o r town, i f t h e town be a s e p a r a t e
s c h o o l d i s t r i c t , i s a u t h o r i z e d t o e s t a b l i s h and m a i n t a i n
p u b l i c s c h o o l s o r p r o v i d e o t h e r m eans o f e d u c a t i o n f o r
c h ild r e n of school age, or b o th ."
A lthough t h i s r i g h t i s a p p a r e n tly g iv e n i n g e n e r a l term s by th e
p r o p o s e d S e c t i o n 129, t h e s u b s e q u e n t p r o p o s e d amendments make i t c l e a r
t h a t t h e G e n e r a l A ssem b ly n e v e r t h e l e s s m a i n t a i n s c o m p l e te c o n t r o l o v e r
m a i n t e n a n c e o f p u b l i c s c h o o l s b y th e i n d i v i d u a l l o c a l i t i e s .
The Gen
e r a l A ssem b ly c o u l d , i f i t d e s i r e d , make t h e c o n t i n u e d m a i n t e n a n c e o f
s u c h p u b l i c s c h o o l s by a l o c a l i t y a l m o s t i m p o s s i b l e . T h i s i s p a r t i c
u l a r l y t r u e because o f th e proposed lan g u ag e of S e c tio n 133.
The p r o p o s e d S e c t i o n 133 s t a r t s o u t w i t h a p a r a g r a p h t o t h e
e f f e c t t h a t " t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f s c h o o l s i n e a c h c o u n t y and c i t y
s h a l l b e v e s t e d t o t h e e x t e n t h e r e a f t e r p r o v i d e d by la w , i n a s c h o o l
b o a r d , t o be composed o f t r u s t e e s t o be s e l e c t e d i n t h e m a n n e r , f o r
th e t e r m , and t o t h e n um b er p r o v i d e d b y l a w . "
I t i s t o be n o t e d t h a t
t h i s S e c t i o n d o e s n o t g r a n t l o c a l a u t h o r i t y i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of
s c h o o l s t o a c o u n ty o r c i t y s c h o o l b o a r d , e x c e p t " t o t h e e x t e n t h e r e
a f t e r p r o v i d e d b y la w . "
I n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e G e n e r a l A ssem b ly r e s e r v e s
th e r i g h t t o c o n t r o l by s t a t u t e th e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f l o c a l s c h o o l s .
The n e x t p a r a g r a p h o f t h e p r o p o s e d S e c t i o n 133 a u t h o r i z e s t h e
G e n e r a l A ssem bly " t o p r o v i d e f o r th e c o n s o l i d a t i o n , i n t o one s c h o o l
d i v i s i o n , o f one o r more c o u n t i e s o r c i t i e s , w i t h one o r m ore c o u n t i e s
o r c i t i e s , " and t o v e s t t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f s c h o o l s i n any s u c h c o n s o l
i d a t e d s c h o o l d i v i s i o n " i n a s i n g l e s c h o o l b o a r d t o be com p osed o f
t r u s t e e s t o b e s e l e c t e d i n t h e m an n er, f o r t h e te r m and t o t h e number
p r o v i d e d b y l a w . " U nd er t h i s p r o v i s i o n t h e G e n e ra l A ssem b ly c o u l d
combine h a l f t h e S t a t e i n a s i n g l e s c h o o l d i v i s i o n and p r o v i d e f o r
t h e a p p o i n t m e n t by t h e G o v e r n o r o r some o t h e r s t a t e o f f i c i a l o f a
s i n g l e s c h o o l b o a r d t o r u n a l l o f th e s c h o o l s i n s u c h d i v i s i o n .
Ob
v i o u s l y , t h e n , under t h i s S e c tio n of th e p ro p o s e d c o n s t i t u t i o n a l
am endm ents, t h e G e n e ra l A ssem b ly r e m a in s i n t h e s c h o o l b u s i n e s s b e -
�2
c a u s e i t m a i n t a i n s , b y l a w , t h e r i g h t o f s t a t e management and c o n t r o l ,
f a c t o r s w h ic h were commented on by t h e Supreme C o u r t i n C ooper v .
A a ro n , an d b y t h e t h r e e - j u d g e d i s t r i c t c o u r t i n James v . Almond.
O b v io u sly , a l s o , th e r i g h t o f A r lin g to n to m a in ta in a s e p a r a te s c h o o l
sy s tem (w h ich w ould a p p a r e n t l y be g r a n t e d t o i t u n d e r t h e p r o p o s e d
amendment t o S e c t i o n 1 29 ) c o u l d be c o m p l e t e l y n e g a t e d by an a c t o f th e
G e n e r a l A ssem b ly , f o r e x a m p l e , w hich m i g h t com bine A r l i n g t o n , F a i r f a x ,
P r i n c e W i l l i a m , Loudoun an d S t a f f o r d C o u n t i e s i n t o a s i n g l e s c h o o l
d iv isio n .
U n der t h e p r o p o s e d amendment t o S e c t i o n 1 3 5 , t h e G e n e r a l Assem
b ly , in s te a d of a p p o rtio n in g e d u c a tio n a l fu n d s th rou gh o ut th e S ta te
on th e b a s i s o f p o p u l a t i o n o f s c h o o l a g e , c o u l d a l l o c a t e s u c h f u n d s
on t h e b a s i s o f g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a o r some o t h e r " b a s i s p r o v i d e d by
law " t o t h e g r e a t d e t r i m e n t o f a community s u c h as A r l i n g t o n .
The p r o p o s e d amendment t o S e c t i o n 136 w o u ld t a k e away from
i n d i v i d u a l c o u n t i e s t h e r i g h t t o l e v y a s p e c i a l s c h o o l t a x , w h ic h i s
a r i g h t o f l o n g s t a n d i n g and a p r a c t i c e w h ic h many c o m m u n itie s p r e f e r
to fo llo w .
I n summary, the p r o p o s e d amendments c a n r e s u l t i n m aking a
s h am b les o u t o f t h e p u b l i c s c h o o l sy s tem o f t h e S t a t e , b u t w i t h o u t
(a ) t a k i n g t h e S t a t e o u t o f th e s c h o o l b u s i n e s s so as t o r e l i e v e i t
o f t h e c o m p u l s i o n s o f C o o p e r v . Aaron a n d Jam es v . Alm ond, o r (b )
g r a n t i n g t o t h e l o c a l i t i e s t r u e autonomy i n t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f l o c a l
p u b l i c s c h o o l s w h ich i s t h e p u r p o r t e d p u r p o s e o f t h e p r o p o s e d new
S e ctio n 129.
A p r i l 1 5 , 1959
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to: Local Committees for Public Schools, from: William M. Lightsey, Subject: "Analysis of Proposed Constitutional Amendments", April 15, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Analysis of constitutional changes proposed in House Joint Resolution 23 offered to the Virginia General Assembly by Delegate Wheatley on April 9, repared by Edmund D. Campbell. 3 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
4/15/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Virginia Committee for Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_15
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/15f61e3dc073c48285c169445e772fc0.pdf
823f03a3c2983c01095f88f9b4bfcd1a
PDF Text
Text
V irginia C o m m ittee fo r P ublic Schools
R O O M 3 , B RO AD-G RAC E ARCADE
Richmond 19, Virginia
T elephone MI lton 9-0559
J u l y 1 6, 1 9 59
Advisory B oard
Mr. Wilson M. Brown
(1 ) E x e c u t i v e B o ard s o f L o c a l C o m m ittees
To:
Richmond
(2 ) Members o f A d v i s o r y Board
Mrs. J. L. Blair Buck
Richmond
(3 ) I n d i v i d u a l M e m b e r s - a t - l a r g e
Mrs. Margaret Denny Dixon
Richmond
Prom:
J . L . B l a i r B u ck, P r e s i d e n t
Mrs. Douglas S. Freeman
Richmond
Rabbi Ariel L. Goldburg, D.D.
S u b j e c t : U r g e n t l y I m p o r t a n t Mid-summer R e p o r t
Richmond
Mr. Newman Hamblet
THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EXTENT UP CONTINUED
Richmond
Mr. John L. Hammond
OPERATION CF THE VIRGINIA COW ITTEE FOR
Charlottesville
PUBLIC SCHOOLS DEPENDS ON THE RESPONSE
Most Rev. Joseph H. Hodges, D.D.
AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECEIV'D PROM THIS
Richmond
Mr. Albert G. Hofheimer
REF OFT HOT LATER THAN AUGUST l g , 1 9 5 9 .
Norfolk
Mr. Edwin T. Holland
The a t t a c h e d r e p o r t i n c l u d e s th e f o l l o w i n g :
Arlington
Miss Pela Plummer Hundley
Newport News
A n a ly s is of D em ocratic P rim ary R e s u l t s .
1
Mrs. W. W. Kavanaugh
Roanoke
The Heed f o r C o n t i n u i n g S t a t e C omm ittee O p e r a t i o n s .
Rt. Rev. W. H. Marmion, D.D. 2 •
Roanoke
Dr. Peter Mellette
o
P re se n t F in a n c ia l S itu a tio n .
Richmond
-5 *
Mr. Benjamin Muse
Manassas
[j_ ,
P r o p o s e d Budget f o r A u g u s t T hro u g h J a n u a r y .
Dr. William F. Quillian, Jr.
Lynchburg
F i n a n c i a l A p p e a l.
Mr. Leroy Spigel
>•
Newport News
Mr. Louis Spilman
L o c a l C o m m ittees - L o c a l Committee E x e c u t i v e B oards
Waynesboro
a r e a s k e d t o c a r e f u l l y r e v i e w th e a t t a c h e d r e p o r t
Mr. Beecher E. Stallard
and w r i t e t h i s o f f i c e n o t l a t e r th an A u g u s t l g
Richmond
Dr. Louis Rader
g i v i n g ( 1 ) r e c o m m e n d a t io n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e f u t u r e
Waynesboro
.
Officers
Dr. J. L. Blair Buck
President
Mr. Edmund Campbell
Vice-President
Judge H. G. Cochran
Vice-President
Col. Francis Pickens Miller
Vice-President
Mr. Knox Turnbull
Vice-President
Dr. James R. Sydnor
Treasurer
Mr. Eugene Pickett
Recording Secretary
Mr. William M. Lightsey
Executive Secretary
o p e r a t i o n s o f t h e S t a t e C omm ittee an d ( 2 ) t h e
m o n t h ly amount y o u r c o m m i t t e e can c o n t r i b u t e t o
c o n tin u ed S ta te -w id e o p e r a t io n s f o r th e six -m o n th
p e r i o d A.ugust t h r o u g h J a n u a r y .
A d v i s o r y B o a rd l u m b e r s - Y o u r re c o m m e n d a tio n s c o n c e r n i n g
c o n t i n u e d S t a t e Com m ittee o p e r a t i o n s w i l l b e a p p r e
c i a t e d . A l s o , su c h f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t a s y o u c a n
g iv e o r o b t a i n w i l l h e l p m e e t a p r e s e n t v i t a l n e e d .
I n d i v i d u a l M e m b e r s - a t - l s r g e - Any s u g g e s t i o n s yo u h a v e
w i l l be w elco m e. A l s o , w i l l you e a c h s e n d NOW a t
l e a s t ! . 0 0 t o h e l p f i n a n c e t h e C omm ittee t h r o u g h
”2
n e x t J a n u a r y ? A Stam ped e n v e lo p e i s e n c l o s e d .
i
L ocal C o m m it t e es : Alexandria, Arlington, Blacksburg, Charlottesville, Christiansburg, Fairfax-Falls Church, Lynchburg, Norfolk, Peninsula,
Richmond, Rockingham, Warren County, Waynesboro.
�V IR G IN IA
con
IT T E F
FOR
PU BLIC
SCHOOLS
Room 3 , B ro a d -G ra c e A rcad e
Richmond 1 9 , V i r g i n i a
J u l y 1 5 , 1959
I ' l I D - S P t MER RE P OR I 1 T O
MEMBERS
I.
A n a l y s i s o f t h e J u l y l lj - D e m o c r a t i c P r i m a r y R e s u l t s - T h e f o r c e s
b a c k i n g t h e m o d e ra te A lm o n d p ro g ra m f o r c o n t i n u e d p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n i n
V irg in ia g e n e r a lly w ith s to o d a m a ssiv e a tte m p t, b y th o s e e x tr e m is ts
who w o u ld s a c r i f i c e t h e p u b l i c s c h o o l s t o p r e v e n t a n y i n t e g r a t i o n
a n y w h e re , to g a in c o n t r o l o f b o th h o u s e s o f th e G e n e ra l A sse m b ly .
P a r t i c u l a r l y h e a r t e n i n g were t h e S e n a t e v i c t o r i e s , o v e r s t r o n g
o p p o s i t i o n , o f B oothe o f A l e x a n d r i a , B re e d e n of N o r f o l k , H addock,
W i l l e y , and Bemiss o f R ichm ond, Newton o f t h e 2 9 t h D i s t r i c t , an d
W ils o n o f N ewport N ews-Hampton. I t w o u ld now a p p e a r t h a t t h e
G o v e rn o r w i l l have t h e s u p p o r t o f a t l e a s t 23 o f t h e IpO S e n a t o r s
when t h e G e n e r a l A ssem b ly convenes i n J a n u a r y . T h i s i s a s l i g h t
im provem ent o v e r t h e 2 0 - 1 9 d i v i s i o n by w h ic h th e P errow p ro g r a m
p a ss e d th e S enate l a s t A p r i l .
I n th e H ouse o f D e le g a te s th e p i c t u r e a p p e a r s l e s s b r i g h t .
M ajo r d is a p p o i n tm e n t s w e re th e f a i l u r e o f D e le g a te s H i l l o f
C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e an d H unt W h iteh ead o f F i t t s y l v a n i a to g a in r e e l e c t i o n
and th e d e f e a t o f C a n d id a te s M a c P a rla n e o f F r e d e r i c k s b u r g - S p o t t s y l v a n i a
an d P a r k e r o f R ich m o n d .
On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e th u m p i n g d e f e a t o f
e x tr e m is t- b a c k e d c a n d id a te s f o r th e H ouse o f D e le g a te s in A r lin g to n ,
F a i r f a x , a n d N o rfo lk m ay hav e p re v e n te d a ch an g e o f c o n tr o l o f th e
H ouse.
T h e H ouse p i c t u r e c a n n o t b e a c c u r a t e l y a s s e s s e d b e c a u s e o f
th e r e l a t i v e l y o b sc u re p o s i t i o n s o f a n u m b e r o f th e n e w ly - e le c te d
m em bers.
I t w o u ld see m , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e p r o - p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n
f o r c e s w i l l r e t a i n a s l i m e d g e w hen th e G e n e r a l A ssem b ly r e c o n v e n e s
in Ja n u a ry .
II .
T he N e e d f o r C o n t i n u i n g E f f e c t i v e S t a t e C o m m itte e O p e r a t i o n s G o v e r n o r A lm o n d a n d s e v e r a l m e m b e rs o f t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y h a v e
in d i c a t e d an u rg e n t n e e d f o r th e C o m m itte e s f o r P u b lic S c h o o ls to
c o n tin u e a s a g ro w in g , v o c a l f o r c e on b e h a l f o f th e S t a t e p u b l i c
s c h o o l s y s t e m - a t l e a s t t h r o u g h t h e J a n u a r y 1959 s e s s i o n o f t h e
G e n e ra l A sse m b ly .
T hey f e e l t h a t th e s t r o n g e s t p o s s ib le p u b l i c
su p p o rt m u st be r a llie d to w ith s ta id th e a li- o u t e ffo r ts th a t w ill
b e m ade t o ta k e th e S t a t e o u t o f th e p u b l i c s c h o o l b u s i n e s s .
As in d i c a t e d a b o v e , t h e r e now a p p e a r s t o be a n a rro w a n d
u n c e r t a i n m a j o r i t y in b o t h h o u s e s o f th e G e n e r a l A sse m b ly t h a t w i l l
r e s i s t a tte m p ts to r e tu r n V irg in ia to a "m a ssiv e r e s i s t a n c e " p o lic y
t h a t w o u ld r e s u l t in m o re c lo s e d p u b lic s c h o o l s .
T h ese m em bers
w i l l be s u b j e c t e d t o c o n s t a n t a n d p o w e r f u l p r e s s u r e s d u r i n g t h e
co m in g m o n th s - p r e s s u r e s fr o m th e e m o tio n a l e x tr e m is ts w ho c a n n o t
t o l e r a t e a m o d e ra te s o l u t i o n to o u r p ro b le m .
These m e m b e rs a n d th e
g e n e r a l p u b l i c n e e d t o k n o w t h a t t h e s t r e n g t h of th e C o m m i t t e e s f o r
P u b lic S c h o o ls is g ro w in g an d e x p a n d in g th ro u g h o u t V i r g i n i a .
F u r t h e r m o r e , som e o f t h e r e s u l t s
in d ic a te t h a t c o n tin u e d g ro w th of o u r
o f t h e D e m o cratic p r i m a r y
C o m m itte e s m ay c o n v i n c e o t h e r
�2
members o f t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b ly , h e r e t o f o r e o p p o sed t o a c o u r s e o f
r e a s o n , t h a t t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s an d t h e p e o p l e o f V i r g i n i a i n g e n e r a l
w i l l n o t c o n t i n u e t o s u p p o r t l e g i s l a t o r s who p e r s i s t i n a c o u r s e of
i n t o l e r a n c e t h a t means t h e s a c r i f i c e o f p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n .
T h ere a r e c o n c e r n e d p e o p l e i n many a r e a s o f t h e S t a t e who a r e
a n x i o u s f o r a s s i s t a n c e i n o r g a n i z i n g l o c a l C om m ittees f o r P u b l i c
S c h o o l s . Among t h e s e a r e Buena V i s t a , B r i s t o l , D a n v i l l e ,
F r e d e r i c k s b u r g , Hampton, L e x i n g t o n , P o r t s m o u t h , P r i n c e W i l l i a m C ou n ty ,
R oanoke, S t a u n t o n , a n d o t h e r s . The o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e s e new)
C om m ittees i s a "m ust" i f t h e f u l l p o t e n t i a l o f o u r e f f o r t s
t o be
re a liz e d .
A n o th e r im p o rta n t n e e d f o r a d d i t i o n a l l o c a l groups i s th e le a d e r s h i p
th e y can o f f e r i n t h e i r community i n t h e tim e o f a l o c a l p u b l i c s c h o o l
c risis.
P r e s e n t l e g i s l a t i o n l e a v e s i n th e h a n d s o f l o c a l s c h o o l
b o a r d s and g o v e r n i n g b o d i e s co m p lete p o w e r t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r p u b l i c
e d u c a t i o n w i l l be c o n t i n u e d o r w i l l be s a c r i f i c e d as i n P r i n c e Edward
C o u n ty . The e x i s t e n c e o f a l o c a l C o m m ittee f o r P u b l i c S c h o o l s , as a
r a l l y i n g p o i n t f o r t h e t h i n k i n g p e o p l e who r e c o g n i z e t h a t d i s a s t e r
w i l l e n e v i t a b l y f o l l o w abandonm ent o f t h e i r p u b l i c s c h o o l s , can
p r e v e n t many c o m m u n itie s f o l l o w i n g th e p a t h s o f F r o n t R o y a l and
P r i n c e E dw ard . Each a d d i t i o n a l F r o n t R o y a l o r P r i n c e E dward l e n d s
s t r o n g s u p p o r t t o t h o s e who would h a v e V i r g i n i a abandon a l l S t a t e
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r p u b lic ed u catio n .
E v en i n th o s e c o m m u n it ie s where t h e l o c a l o f f i c i a l s a r e f o l l o w i n g
a c o u r s e o f r e a s o n , t h e s e o f f i c i a l s n e e d t h e s u p p o r t t h a t comes w i t h
t h e kno w led g e t h a t t h e r e i s a s t r o n g l o c a l g r o u p s u p p o r t i n g t h e i r
p o sitio n .
A t t h e J u l y 11 m e e t i n g o f th e E x e c u t i v e B oard o f t h e S t a t e
C o m m itte e , t h e members p r e s e n t were o f t h e u n anim ous o p i n i o n t h a t th e
g r o w th and e x p a n s i o n o f l o c a l C o m m ittees c o u l d be a c c o m p l i s h e d o n ly
w i t h t h e c o n t i n u e d o p e r a t i o n o f th e S t a t e o f f i c e and em ploy m en t o f an
E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y , a t l e a s t on a p a r t - t i m e b a s i s .
III.
P r e s e n t F i n a n c i a l S i t u a t i o n - The f o l l o w i n g r e p o r t shows t h e
f i n a n c i a l s i t u a t i o n o f t h e S t a t e C omm ittee a s o f J u l y 1 5 :
1.
R e c e ip ts since o rg a n iz e d :
From l o c a l c o m m i t t e e s - - - - - - -'6 ,5 2 7 .0 0
D i r e c t from i n d i v i d u a l s - - - - - - - 2,15.6’100
T o t a l r e c e i p t s - - - - - - - - - - - - - i,' 8 , 6 8 3 . 0 0
2.
O b lig a tio n s sin ce o rg a n iz e d :
P a i d o ut f o r a l l p u r p o s e s - - - - -£ 8 ,6 I;1 .7 1
Due and p a y a b l e J u l y 1 5 - - - - - - 7 8 2 .0 0
T o t a l o b l i g a t i o n s - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 9,li.2 3.71
3.
N e t D e f i c i t (I te m 2 m in u s Ite m 1 ) - - - - - - - - - •?
N o t e : T h is d e f i c i t c o n s i s t s o f u n p a i d amounts
as fo llo w s: S a la r y of E x ecu tiv e S e c re ta ry ,
$ 3 0 0 ; E x penses o f E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y , f350>
and m isc e lla n e o u s b i l l s , ' 9 0 .7 1 .
714-0.71
�- 3 If.
S t a t u s o f c o n t r i b u t i o n s from C o m m itte e s :
Com m ittee
Q u o ta
A rlin g to n
f- 2,1+52
A lexandria
700
B lack sb u rg
300
C h a rlo tte sv ille
1 ,0 5 0
C h ristian sb u rg
200
F a i r f a x - F a l l s Church
700
L ynchburg
600
N orfolk
1,500
P en in su la
325
R adford
200
Richmond
2 ,5 0 0
Rockingham County
200
W arren County
300
W a s h in g to n County
300
Waynesboro
300
T o tals
*11,627
*
P aid
e 2 , 1+52
1+55
125
600
-0 -
-0-
390
825
325
-0 -
950
-0 -
195
10
200
?• 6,527
T h i s a d j u s t e d q u o ta r e p r e s e n t s
B a la n c e
A d j. Quota-"-
A d .i.
$
< 2,1+52
“
1+55
195
•
”
-0 21+5
175
325
200
700
210
675
-0 -
200
i,5 5 o
200
105
290
100
CU,975
660
135
1+55
390
975
325
135
1,625
135
195
195
200
8,51+7
E
-0 -0 -
70
Bo
135
1+55
-0 -
150
-0 -
135
675
135
-0-
185
-0-
-2,020
of o r i g i n a l q u o ta.
IV. P r o p o s e d B udget f o r A u g u s t T h ro u g h J a n u a r y - The f o l l o w i n g
e s t i m a t e o f e x p e n s e s f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n s of t h e V i r g i n i a C om m ittee f o r
P u b l i c S c h o o ls i s b a s e d on p a r t - t i m e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e S t a t e o f f i c e
and t h e p a r t - t i m e em ploym ent o f B i l l L i g h t s e y a s E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y .
At i t s J u l y 11 m e e t i n g , t h e E x e c u t i v e B o a rd recommended t h a t
t h i s p r o p o s e d b u d g et b e p r e p a r e d and p r e s e n t e d t o t h e l o c a l C om m ittees
f o r t h e i r c o n s i d e r a t i o n and a p p r o v a l , i n t h e b e l i e f t h a t t h i s
p a r t - t i m e o p e r a tio n th r o u g h Jan u a ry sh ould be c a r r i e d o n , i f a t a l l
p o ssib le .
T h i s p ro p o s e d b u d g e t w o u ld a l l o w f o r p a i d s e c r e t a r i a l h e l p f o r
f o u r h o u r s a day f o r a n a v e r a g e o f 15 d a y s a m onth, o r 90 d a y s f o r
th e s ix -m o n th p e r io d .
I t would p r o v i d e f o r s a l a r y and e x p e n s e s f o r
Mr. L i g h t s e y f o r an a v e r a g e o f 15 d ays a m o n t h , o r 90 d a y s f o r t h e
s i x - m o n t h p e r i o d . A l a r g e p a r t o f h i s t i m e would be s p e n t i n t r a v e l
a b o u t t h e S t a t e , w o rk in g on t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n of l o c a l C o m m i t t e e s .
He w o u ld e n d e a v o r t o p l a n t h i s work so t h a t h e would be a v a i l a b l e i n
Richmond d u r i n g th e J a n u a r y s e s s i o n o f t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b ly .
Mr. L i g h t s e y h a s o f f e r e d t o do t h i s f o r a t o t a l s a l a r y f o r t h e s i x m onth p e r i o d o f 2 , 0 0 0 , w i t h t h e same a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r e x p e n s e s f o r
d a y s a c t u a l l y worked t h a t he h a d d u r i n g t h e s p r i n g . Knowing h i s
e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n l e n d i n g a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f new g r o u p s
an d i n w o r k i n g w i t h che members o f t h e G e n e r a l A ssem b ly, we f e e l t h a t
t h e V i r g i n i a Committee i s i n d e e d f o r t u n a t e t h a t Mr. L i g h t s e y i s a b l e
t o o f f e r h i s s e r v i c e s f o r t h i s v e ry lo w s a l a r y .
The E x e c u t i v e B o a rd a g r e e d t o p a y M r. L i g h t s e y
00 0 f o r a
9 0 -d a y p e r i o d b e g i n n i n g F e b r u a r y 15, 1 9 5 9 , knowing he ivould be w o rk in g
s i x o r s e v e n days a w eek a n d f o r lo n g h o u r s . He worked f u l l - t i m e
u n t i l May 1 , when he a g r e e d t o s p r e a d h i s re m a in in g ti m e o v e r a l o n g e r
p e r i o d , w o r k in g a d ay o r tw o a week i n Richmond, w i t h a fe w t r i p s t o
h elp o rg a n iz e lo c a l u n i t s .
He h a s c o n t i n u e d t h i s t o t h e p r e s e n t t i m e ,
g i v i n g u s a t o t a l o f more t h a n 100 d a y s w o r k , a v e r a g i n g m o re t h a n
10 h o u r s a d ay .
�-
k -
C o s t o f S t a t e O p e r a t i o n s , A ugust 1 t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 3 1 :
S a l a r y f o r 'E x e c u ti v e S e c r e t a r y - Expenses f o r E x e c u tiv e S e c r e ta r y P a rt-tim e s e c r e t a r i a l h elp - - - D u p licatin g , p o stag e, e tc . - - - T elephone, in c l u d in g l o n g - d is t a n c e
Rent fo r o f f ic e
- - - - - - - - M iscellan eo u s
- - - - - - - - - T o tal
- - - - *
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-----------------
2 ,0 0 0
1 ,200
25>0
250
125
120
55
-$ li , 0 0 0
P r o r a t i o n o f C o st o f S t a t e O p e r a t i o n s , A u g u st T h ro u g h J a n u a r y :
Committee
Amount Heeded l o n t h l y
A rlin g to n - - - - - - - - f 150
A lexandria - - - - - - - 100
B lacksburg - - - - - - - 15
C h arlo ttesv ille- - - - - 50
C h ristia n sb u rg - - - - - 10
F a i r f a x - P a l l s C hurch - - - 100
L ynchburg- - - - - - - - 30
N o r f o l k - - - - - - - - - ( S e e N o te)
P en in su la- - - - - - - - 20
R adford- - - - - - - - - 10
Richmond - - - - - - - - 100
R ockingham C ounty- - - - 20
W arren C o un ty- - - - - - 15
W a s h in g to n C o un ty - - - - 20
W aynesboro - - - - - - - 30
T o t a l - - ------------? 670
■
§670 p e r m onth, t i m e s 6 m o n t h s , e
V.
NOTE: T h i s a p p o r t i o n m e n t i s
b a s e d p r i m a r i l y on t h e p r e s e n t
m e m b e rsh ip o f t h e s e v e r a l com
m i tt e e s , p r o - r a te d to provide
t h e am ount n e e d e d f o r t h e s i x month b u d g e t , w i t h one s i g n i f i
can t e x c e p tio n .
N o r f o l k was e x c l u d e d
b e c a u s e t h i s C om m ittee h a s
o b l i g a t e d i t s e l f f o r more t h a n
^'•10,000 c o u r t c o s t s f o r t h e
fam o u s c a s e w h i c h s p e l l e d t h e
end o f t h e " m a s s i v e r e s i s t a n c e "
l a w s . They s t i l l h a v e s e v e r a l
th o u san d d o ll a r d t o r a i s e to
meet t h i s o b l i g a t i o n .
i l s vl|-»020.
F in a n c ia l Appeal -
L o c a l C o m m ittees - U n le ss l o c a l C o m m ittees can u n d e r t a k e t h e
s u p p o r t o f t h e S t a t e C omm ittee o p e r a t i o n s f o r t h e n e x t s i x m o n t h s ,
t h e p r o p o s a l s e t f o r t h i n t h i s r e p o r t c a n n o t be c a r r i e d o u t . E ach
C om m ittee i s ask ed t o a d v i s e u s i n w r i t i n g , n o t l a t e r t h a n
A u g u s t 1 5, o f t h e m o n t h l y amount t h e y a r e w i l l i n g t o u n d e r t a k e a s
a s h a r e of S ta t e e x p e n s e s f o r th e A u y u s t-J a n u a ry p e r i o d .
A d v i s o r y B oard Members - T h e re i s a n u r g e n t n e e d f o r f u n d s
t o m e e t p r e s e n t c o m m ittm e n ts end c o n t i n u e S t a t e C om m ittee o p e r a
tio n s.
Such f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t as y o u c a n r i v e o r o b t a i n from
o t h e r s w i l l be a g r e a t h e l p .
I n d i v i d u a l M e m b e r s - a t - l a r g e - '*’e know you a r e a n x i o u s t o
h e l p c o n t i n u e t h e work” we have s t a r t e d .
W a re a s k i n g e a c h
e
member t o send a t l e a s t ^ 2 . 0 0 NOW t o h e l p in s u r e t h e c o n t i n u e d
e f f e c t i v e o p e r a t i o n o f y o u r C o m m it te e .
A stamped e n v e l o p e i s
e n clo sed .
S in c e re ly ,
■ lo w
-£«.• - h .
J . L . F l a i r Buck, P r e s i d e n t
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to: Executive Boards of Local Committees, Members of Advisory Board and Individual Members-at-Large, Subject: Urgently Important Mid-summer Report, from: J.L. Buch, President, July 16, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter with attached report addressing, 1. Analysis of Democratic Primary Results, 2. The need for Continuing State Committee Operations, 3. Present Financial Situation, 4. Proposed Budget for August through January, 5. Financial Appeal. 5 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
7/16/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Virginia Committee for Public Schools, J.L. Buch
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_7_1_18
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/4b491ec997be76e8bc0b3f26b633aef3.pdf
11cb829200451d199b7084b1c7a55c43
PDF Text
Text
Save O ur S chools Committee
of
A rlington
December 29, 19^5
Dear Neighbor:
We hope that you have read in the newspapers the facts about the
Referendum of January 9th. Partisan comments on both sides have generated
considerable heat.
This is an additional message about what your vote in
the Referendum means, brought you by the people and organizations listed on
the other side. We ask that you soberly consider how best to legislate for
orderly government and continued educational progress in our State when you
vote on January 9th.
The Referendum for or against a Constitutional Convention will be
followed by new State legislation for public schools0 We have concluded
that the proposed constitutional convention would be only the first step to
wards poorer educational opportunities. While more laws may be needed for
improving public education, we do not look for their enactment out of chang
ing the State Constitution in haste. The suggestions of the Gray Commission
for further State laws are vague0 No authoritative estimates of additional
costs have been presented.
The tuition grants, the proposal to use tax money to pay private
school tuition fees, are unsound public finance. Also, more fundamental
than the implications of higher cost and poorer education, the grant pro
posals fail to meet the "good faith implementation of the governing consti
tutional principles" set forth in the Supreme Court decisions. According
to constitutional experts, the evasions of the grant proposal will, in time,
be declared unconstitutional. Should this happen, we should then have to
face up to the realities of the 20th century to provide educational oppor
tunities on the basis of a public school system that will have been weakened
during the period of confusion.
We, therefore, join with the churches of all faiths and recommend
a vote "Against" the Constitutional Convention in the Referendum on January
9th0 The moral forces of the community testify that continued segregation
and continued defiance of the law of the land are both wrong and unwise.
A vote "Against" is a rejection of a subterfuge unworthy of
Americans and Virginians.
A vote "Against" is support of less drastic upheaval and is support
of more deliberate speed in gradually molding our institutions to the traditions
of our great country. A better way can and must be found to move step-by-step
through the years without violence either to our neighbors in the South or
dishonor to our fine State and its proud institutions.
Edward B. Hincks
Chairman,
Save Our Schools Committee of Arlington
�Federal Judge John J. Parker, M ay ) 1 decision of the Federal
Distinct Court . . .
“Washington Post and Times Herald” . . . editorial, Dec. 17
“It is both mystifying and distressing to witness the
headlong rush of conservative leaders in Virginia to sup
port a radical change in the State constitution. Men who
customarily weigh every nickel of State expenditures are
blindly endorsing the Gray Commission plan for private
school tuition grants without the faintest notion of what
the plan would cost . . . with no definite answer to such
essential questions as how the proposed private schools
will be housed and staffed.
“W hat it (the Supreme Court) has decided is that a
State may not deny any person on account of race the
right to attend any school that it (the State) maintains . .
•
•
•
“New York Times” . . . editorial, December 5
“Perhaps the most telling argument of all is the grave
likelihood that the Supreme Court would overrule the
private grant program as an evasion. In that event all
Virginia would have done would be to weaken their public
schools and open the door to several years of chaos.”
. . an element of fair play must govern the relation
ship of individuals each to each and to the society as a
whole. The Virginia subterfuge strikes at the very root of
this concept. It is unworthy of the state and its citizens.”
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ARLINGTON
1307 N. Cleveland St.
ARLINGTON 1, VA.
Edmund. D an d E l i z a b e t h C am pbell
3912 N G lebe Rd
A r li n g to n 7 , Va
33
VOTE
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Bulk Rate
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Postage
PAID
P erm it No. 315
A rlington, Va.
S ave O ur S chools
COMMITTEE
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"NO” ON THE 9th
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Flyer: "Save Our Schools Committee of Arlington", December 29, 1955.
Description
An account of the resource
Asks neighbors to vote against the Constitutional Convention concerning public education in Virginia. Changes to Constitution would allow public monies to be spent to provide private education tuition fees in response to the Supreme Court Decision. 2 pages
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
12/29/55
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Save Our Schools Committee of Arlington
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_1
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/940bd18d07a11119e5bc284bb18729c6.pdf
38ecc156fab9eb2521426e6bfdcf49c3
PDF Text
Text
REGISTRATION RECORD
ARLINGTON C O M M ITTEE T O PRESERVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
N am e (P le a s e P r i n t ) ___________________________________________T elephone: _________________
A d re ss: __________________________________________ ___ _____________________________
T h e o b je c tiv e s and p rin c ip le s of th e O rganizing C o m m ittee to P r e s e r v e P u b lic S chools a r e :
1.
We a r e d e te rm in e d to p u rsu e e v e ry le g a l m e a n s to keep public sc h o o ls open.
We a r e h e r e co n c e rn e d n e ith e r w ith p e rp e tu atin g s e g re g a tio n in sc h o o ls, n o r h asten in g
in te g ra tio n .
3. W e oppose in tru s tin g public education to p riv a te hands having no re s p o n sib ility o r
a c co u n tab ility to th e g e n e ra l public.
4. We h ave faith in A rlin g to n 's a b ility to m e e t its public education p ro b lem s.
5. We rec o g n iz e th e e x c e lle n c e of th e te a ch in g and a d m in istra tiv e sta ff in A rlin g to n 's
s c h o o ls. We a s s u r e th e m th a t th e com m unity v alu es its educational sy ste m and th a t
it i s d e te rm in e d to m a in ta in i t s public s c h o o ls. We u rg e A rlington t e a c h e r s to stan d
with th e com m unity in th e day s ahead.
I h e re b y s u b s c rib e to t h e above o b je c tiv e s and p rin c ip le s.
2.
D a te ___________ 1958.
S ig n a tu r e :_____________________________________*
M ail to P . O. Box 7112, A rlin g to n 7, V irg in ia
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Registration Record, Arlington Committee To Preserve Public Schools, 1958.
Description
An account of the resource
Registration Record, Arlington Committee To Preserve Public Schools.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1958
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee To Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_2
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/c6adc4ad11a45895f3813ecd8bc8b485.pdf
df1186f949af50ce20c82aaa6d4a14cc
PDF Text
Text
19 -
( N A M E
P a y
to th e
* rd e r o f i
N a.
O F___B A N K )
ARLINGTON COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
P. O.
BOX 71 12 , AR LIN G TO N
7, V IR G IN IA
.Sbo/L
ADDRESS.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Blank check: "Pay to the order of Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools", no date
Description
An account of the resource
Blank check: "Pay to the order of Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
No Date
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee To Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_3
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/cdca199f916486ce56a910e6ae2a0dc0.pdf
bec6a249cc455be0ce946a9a29b7dc07
PDF Text
Text
Special Election or Referendum Concerning Public Schools — D u rin g th e n e x t six m o nth s V ir
g in ia vo te rs m a y be c a lle d on to v o te in e ith e r a S ta te -w id e o r loca l re fe re n d u m o r special
e le c tio n to d e te rm in e th e course o f p u b lic e d u c a tio n in V irg in ia o r in th e in d iv id u a l lo c a litie s .
EVERY C IT IZ E N
SHOULD
BECO M E Q U A L IF IE D
T O V O T E H IS
C O N V IC T IO N S
December 5 Is T Iie KeyDate
T
ARE YOU A REG ISTERED YRTER IA VIRG INIA?
M ay Your Poll Tax and Det/isier-Do It
9
, \ 0 11 /
U R G E Y O U R F R IE N D S A N D N E IG H B O R S TO DO T H E S A M E
TO B E E L IG IB L E TO V O T E IN A S P E C IA L E L E C T IO N OR
R E F E R E N D U M H E L D D U R IN G T H E N E X T S IX M O N T H S YO U M U S T :
1.
Pay y o u r p o ll ta x b y D ecem ber 5, 1 9 5 8 —(You m a y v o te if y o u p a y b y D ecem ber 9 a n d p a y
a 5 % p e n a lty ).
2.
R egister w ith C e n tra l R eg istra r or Precinct R eg istra r n o t la te r th a n six d a y s b e fo re e le c tio n or
re fe re n d u m .
AND
NOTE: Y ou a re q u a lifie d to vo te in th e special e le ctio n or re fe re n d u m if yo u w e re e lig ib le to
v o te in th e N o v e m b e r 1 958 g e n e ra l e le ctio n .
For Complete Information On
HOW,
WHEN
and
WHERE
TO PAY POLL TAX AND REG ISTER-See Below
If you h a v e fu rth e r questions, p lease call a n y o f these num bers:
K E nm ore 6 -9 7 9 5
JA ckso n 8 -6 0 9 5
KEnm ore 8 -2 7 6 5
JA ckso n 8 -5 9 5 8
JA ckson 8 -2 6 2 9
OR WRITE P. O . BOX 7112, AR LIN G TO N 7
THIS APPEAL SPONSORED A N D ENDORSED BY:
A r lin g to n C o m m itte . to Preserve Public Schools
A rlin to n C o u n ty C o u ncil o f Parent-Teacher Associations
A r lin g to n Educational A ssociation
A rlin g to n League o f W om en V oters
O rg a n iz e d W om en V o te rs o f A rin g to n
A m erican Asso ciatio n o f U n ive rsity W om en
BE A 100% CITIZEN . . .
G EN ER AL Q U A L IF IC A T IO N S
FO R V O T IN G
IN
BE A VOTER AND VOTE
SPECIAL ELECTION O R REFERENDUM :
1.
Y ou m u s t b e a U. S. c itiz e n , 21 ye ars o r o v e r.
2.
3.
O n th e d a te o f th e e le c tio n , y o u m u s t have liv e d in V irg in ia 1 y e a r, in th e county 6 m onths, in th e precinct 3 0 days.
Y o u m u s t h a ve p a id r e q u ir e d p o ll taxe s b y D e c e m b e r 9, 1 95 8 (a v o id 5% p e n a lty b y p a y in g n o t la te r th a n D e
c e m b e r 5).
4.
Y ou m u s t re g is te r at le ast 6 d ays b e fo re th e tim e o f v o tin g .
W H O M U S T P A Y POLL T A X - H O W
1.
M U C H -W H E R E :
W H O M U ST P AY — To v o te y o u m u s t h a ve p a id " c a p ita tio n " ta xe s, u s u a lly ca lle d p o ll ta xe s, f o r each y e a r yo u
h a ve liv e d in V ir g in ia , u p to th re e ye a rs; e xcep t th a t m e m b e rs o f th e a rm e d fo rc e s o n a ctive d u ty are n o t r e q u ir e d
to p a y p o ll taxes.
OVER:
�2.
H O W M U C H — I f y o u h a v e n e v e r p a id p o ll taxe s in V ir g in ia , y o u m u st p a y b a ck ta xe s as fo llo w s in o r d e r to v o te :
If y o u m oved to V i r g in ia —
a.
A ft e r J a n u a ry 1, 1 95 8 ....................................................................................................................................................... Pay N o th in g
b.
A ft e r J a n u a r y 1, 1 9 5 7 , b u t b e fo re
J a n u a r y 1, 1 958 ...................................................................................... Pay $
1 .5 0
c.
A ft e r J a n u a ry 1, 1 9 5 6 , b u t b e fo re
J a n u a r y 1, 1957 ...................................................................................... Pay $
3.11
d.
O n J a n u a ry 1, 1 9 5 6 , o r a n y tim e b e fo re th a t ......................................................................................................Pay $
4 .8 2
If y o u a re in d o u b t as to h o w
m u ch y o u m u st p a y , c a ll th e C o u n ty Trea surer's o ffic e JAckson 7 -4 8 0 0 , EXTension 3 6 5 .
If y o u p a y p o ll taxes a fte r D e c e m b e r 5, a dd 5% to a b o v e a m o u n ts f o r p e n a lty.
3. WHERE TO PAY — E ith e r p e rs o n a lly call at th e C o u rt House, o r m a il a ch eck o r m o n e y o rd e r, p a y a b le to County
Treasurer, C ounty C ourt House. C o u n ty Tre a surer's o ffic e is o p e n fro m 8 to 5, M o n d a y th r o u g h F rida y.
USE THE FORM AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS LEAFLET TO MAIL WITH YOUR CHECK OR MONEY ORDER
Registering To Vote — WHEN, WHERE, HOW:
1. W h e n to R e g is te r— Y ou s h o u ld re g is te r as soon as y o u h a ve re ce ive d y o u r re c e ip ts f o r p a y m e n t o f n ece ssary p o ll
taxe s ( M ilit a r y p e rs o n n e l o n a c tiv e d u ty are n ot r e q u ir e d lo p a y p o ll taxes). I f y o u d o n o t have re ce ip ts, y o u m ay
o b ta in d u p lic a te s at th e o ffic e o f th e C o u n ty T re a su re r.
R e g istra tio n is p e rm a n e n t—y o u re g is te r o n ly once.
2.
W h e re to Register — Y o u m u s t re g is te r in person, e ith e r a t —
a.
T he o ffice o f th e C e n tra l R e g istra r, Room 1 0 1 , Investm ent Building, 2 0 4 9 15th Street, N orth (across th e stre e t
f r o m th e C o u rt H o u se )—O ffic e o p e n fro m 8 :3 0 a .m . to 5 :0 0 p .m ., M o n d a y th r o u g h Frida y;
b.
W ith y our local Precinct Registrar — T e le p h o n e J A c k s o n 7 -7 5 3 4 to fin d o u t w h o she is, w h e re she liv e s a nd h e r
te le p h o n e n u m b e r.
Y ou can g o to h e r h o m e a n d re g is te r.
OR
3. H o w to Register — To re g is te r, y o u m u st p ro v id e , o n a p la in sheet o f p a p e r, in th e p resence o f th e R e g istra r, a nd
in y o u r o w n h a n d w ritin g , 10 ite m s o f in fo rm a tio n , as fo llo w s :
(1 ) W r ite y o u r n a m e —(Jo h n A . Doe).
(2 ) W r ite y o u r a g e —(47).
(3 ) W r ite y o u r b ir th d a y —(F e b ru a ry 8, 1911).
(4 ) W r ite th e n am e o f state in w h ic h yo u w e re b o rn —(V irg in ia ).
(5 ) W r ite d o w n y o u r a d d re s s —w h e re y o u liv e
n o w —(211
N o rth G e o rg ia S tree t).
(6 ) If yo u have m o v e d d u r in g the past year, w r it e d o w n the address fro m w hich you m oved.
m o v e d , w r ite th e w o r d "s a m e ".
(7 ) W r ite d o w n th e ty p e o f w o rk yo u are d o in g
If y o u
h a ve not
n o w —(Salesm an).
(8 ) I f y o u have b ee n d o in g th e same ty p e o f w o r k f o r o n e year, w r ite d o w n th e w o rd "s a m e ". I f y o u
ch a n g e d th e ty p e o f y o u r w o r k d u rin g th e p ast ye a r, w r ite d o w n th e ty p e o f w o r k y o u d id b e fo re .
(9 ) I f y o u
(1 0 )
have v o te d
(a n y w h e re ) b e fo re , w r it e
"y e s ".
h a ve
I f yo u have n e v e r v o te d b e fo re w r it e " n o " .
I f y o u have e v e r v o te d b e fo re w r ite d o w n th e n am e o f th e state, c o u n ty a n d p re c in c t in w h ic h y o u v o te d
la st—(O re g o n , P o rtla n d , S easide)—I f yo u d o n o t k n o w the nam e o f c o u n ty a n d p re c in c t in w h ic h y o u v o te d
last, ju s t w r it e d o w n th e n am e o f the T O W N a n d state.
COUNTY TREASURER, COURT HOUSE, ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA
Dear Sir:
Enclosed you will find my check (or money order) for $ ......
to cover capitation tax assessments
for...............................................................................................................................................................................................
(Nam e o r N am es — G iv e f u ll name o f each)
I wish to be assessed for poll taxes for the year(s)
I (We) moved to Virginia in.
M on th
Year
Please mail the receipts to:.
(Address)
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Flyer: urging people to register to vote in preparation for any special election or referendum that may be held in the next six months. 1958.
Description
An account of the resource
Flyer: urging people to register to vote in preparation for any special election or referendum that may be held in the next six months. Describes poll taxes. 2 pages
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1958
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee To Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_4
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/9f0e266b5fedc30c41659ab7ad048d8c.pdf
7b51c9eb25839dc03dc491f5fbfd87b5
PDF Text
Text
May 11, 1958
To All Arlington Citizens:
The undersigned Arlington citizens and parents, alarmed about the future of our
public schools, have been considering ways and means to assure maintenance of public
education in Arlington next fall. This is necessitated by the prospective Federal
court action in consequence of court decisions making it unlawful to assign pupils to
schools on the basis of race.
For this reason we have formed an interim Organizing Committee to Preserve Public
.Schools, and we invite all like-minded persons who share our concern to join with us.
We shall see that the publio is kept fully informed on developments in this matter.
The members of the Organized Committee are agreed that:
1.
We are determined to pursue every legal means to keep public schools open.
2. We are here concerned neither with perpetuating segregation in schools, nor
hastening integration.
3.
We oppose entrusting public education to private hands having no responsibility
or accountability to the general public.
4.
We have faith in Arlington's ability to meet its public education problems.
5.
We recognize the excellence of the teaching and administrative staff in Arlington's
schools. We assure them that the community values its educational system and
that it is determined to maintain its public schools. We urge Arlington
teachers to stand with the community in the days ahead.
Mrs. Elizabeth Campbell
Warren E. Cox
Colin C. MacPherson
0. Clenn Stahl
Curtis E. Tuthill
Former
Former
Former
Former
Former
Member,
Member,
Member,
Member,
Member,
Arlington
Arlington
Arlington
Arlington
Arlington
School
School
School
School
School
Board
Board
Board
Board
Board
Mrs. Louise M. Holl
"Jerald Craze
Edmund D, Campbell
William P. McCahill
Martin H. Spielberg
Mrs. Constance Moser
Mrs. June Lehman
Hugh J. McSrath
Richard W. Johnson
L. L. Ecker-Racz
Mrs. Theda 0. Henle
Mrs. Elizabeth Weihe
’ ev. Louis C. Shearer
■
’
Mrs. Emily Moore
Mrs. Leone B. Buchholz
. . Alden Lillywhito
0
Richard L. Franz
William M, Lightsey
President, Arlington Branch, American Assn, of Univ. Women
President-Elect, northern Virginia B'nai B'rith
Former Member, Arlington County Board
Past Commander, Arlington Catholic War Veterans
Member, Arlington Chamber of Commerce
President, Arlington Council of Church Women
Vice-Chairman, Citizens Committee for School Improvement
Former President, Arlington Community Chest and Council
President, Arlington Education Association
Chairman, Northern Virginia Fiscal Survey
Former President, Arlington Branch, League of Women Voters
Former President, Arlington Branch, League of Women Voters
president, Arlington Ministerial Association
Member, National Conference of Christians and Jews
Former President, Organized Women Voters
Member, Arlington County Planning Commission
President, Arlington PTA County Council
Director, Northern Virginia District of paront-Teacher Asens.
Call any of us to join with us in this community effort to keep public schools open
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to All Arlington Citizens from interim Organizing Committee to Preserve Public Schools, May 11, 1958.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from 23 Arlington Citizens who have formed an interim Organizing Committee to Preserve Public Schools giving reasons they feel it is important to form the committee and asking other citizens to join them.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/11/58
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Organizing Committee to Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_5
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/33a787243394995563aaad28871a0eb0.pdf
0eeb264a8f47c4976e9962a3f1131ec0
PDF Text
Text
!j
ARLINGTON COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
P. 0. Box 7112
Arlington " , Virginia
J
Dear Fellow Member A substantial increase in our membership is one of our most impor
tant immediate needs. Nothing can more conclusively demonstrate the
overwhelming sentiment of the community than the enrolling of thousands
of citizens as members subscribing to the policies and principles of
the Committee to Preserve Public Schools.
On July 9 a delegation of the Committee will confer with Governor
Stanley in Richmond. A major purpose of this conference is to convince
the Governor that this community stands solidly behind the preservation
of our public schools. The delegation would like to report that the
membership of the committee numbers several thousand Arlington citizens.
This letter, with the enclosed 10 registration cards, is being sent
to each member of the Committee to Preserve Public Schools. The Execu
tive Committee requests your earnest cooperation in obtaining 10 new mem
bers. Get your friends, neighbors, and fellow-workers who are Arlington
residents to fill out and sign a registration card, if they are not al
ready a member of the Committee. You may do some of this by telephone,
filling out a registration card for persons who tell you they subscribe
to the policies and principles of the Committee and wish to be registered
as a member.
PLEASE GET AS MANY REGISTRATIONS AS YOU CAN WITHIN THE
NEXT FEW DAYS. ALL COMPLETED REGISTRATION CARDS SHOULD
BE PLACED IN AN ENVELOPE AND MAILED TO P. 0. BOX 7112,
ARLINGTON 7, VIRGINIA, NOT LATER THAN MONDAY MORNING,
JULY 7, 195*3
Thank you for your interest and cooperation.
William M. Lightsey
Membership Chairman
P. S.
A contribution is not required for a person to become a member.
However, contributions made payable to the Committee to Preserve
Public Schools and mailed to P. 0. Box 7112, Arlington 7> Vir
ginia, will be appreciated and used to good advantage.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to members of the "Arlington Committee to Preserve Schools" asking current members to try to register at least 10 more people, 1958.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to members of the "Arlington Committee to Preserve Schools" asking current members to try to register at least 10 more people because the Committee will be meeting with Virginia Governor Stanley and would like to be able to report a membership of several thousand citizens.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1958
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee to Preserve Schools, William M. Lightsey
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_6
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/a20296863a7fff88623c92a05b263d40.pdf
6d7f508e1f1dfd721135b6bec20f1945
PDF Text
Text
rli n g to n C o m m i t t e e to Preserve Public School
Post Office Box 7112
Arlington 7, Virginia
January 27, 1959
To the Members of the General Assembly;
Today, Virginia faces her gravest decision of the century.
It
is our hope that the sudden call for a session of the General Assembly
will not result in a decision made in haste, in anger, and in bitter
ness.
We hope it will not be a decision we will all regret for
decades to come.
This is a heartfelt plea to you to use your influence in your
community and with other legislators against any precipitate action
which would destroy public education in this Commonwealth.
Those of us who live in Arlington and Northern Virginia have
recognized that the problem is infinitely more serious in other
parts of the State.
We have cooperated to the fullest degree in every
effort to prevent a situation which would result in closed public
schools anywhere in the State.
Sacrifice of our public schools is
too high a price for Virginia to pay.
We are firmly opposed to nullification of Sections 129 and 133
of the Virginia Constitution.
No quickly organized substitute schools can begin to match our
system of free public schools.
The public school system must be
preserved and it must be administered by the local communities.
This is a cry for help and cooperation to you and all Virginians
of good will.
Before it's too late, help us to keep free public
education for our children.
Sincerely
Arling
ihools
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to the "Members of the General Assembly" from the Arlington Committee to Preserve Schools, January 27, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter requesting General Assembly not to nullify Sections 129 and 133 of the Virginia Constitution that would result in the closing of public schools in Virginia.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1/27/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee to Preserve Schools, William M. Lightsey
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_7
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/9c5be32c41a36b05f118829fa2deef13.pdf
e3ac747a7f5bde1fdfcd67f903f9db14
PDF Text
Text
R e p r in t e d from
t h e ^ ^ S ^ b u lle tin
F e b ru a ry , 1959
C o u ra g e a n d c o m m u n ity
p la n n in g h e l p e d
A r lin g to n , V a ., m a in ta in
la w a n d o r d e r o n
D -D ay f o r i t s s c h o o ls .
B y D A V ID L. K R U P S A W
C h ild ren le a v e a f t e r firs t d a y o f in te g r a te d c la sses in V irg in ia p u b lic sc h o o l h isto ry .
THE DAY NOTHING HAPPENED
T h e G o v e r n o r o f V irg in ia sa id , “I
a m d e te r m in e d to k e e p th e p ea c e a n d
g o o d o rd e r to th e e n d th a t th e h o n o r
o f V irgin ia h e n o t d e fa m e d .” H e m e a n t
w hat h e sa id .
T h e C o u n ty M a n a g e r o f A r lin g to n
said, “D is tu r b a n c e s w.ill n o t b e to le r
ated . A ll p o lic e o ffic e r s h a ve b een
in stru c te d to ta k e e v e r y s te p n ecessa ry
to m a in ta in p e a c e a n d o rd e r.” H e
m e a n t w h a t h e sa id .
a Northern Virginia sub. urb just across the Potomac from
Washington, D. C., has a population
169,000 and a police force of 169 men.
More than half of this force was assigned
to duty in and around Stratford Junior
High School on the morning of February
2, 1959, the day that time ran out for
"massive resistance.” At 8:35 a.m. four
Negro children walked unescorted across
a large playfield and entered the school.
Classes began at 8:45 a.m. A t 10:30 a.m.,
I was able to tell newspapermen that
"Arlington’s experience this morning
demonstrates conclusively that no dis
orders occur where public officials arc
honestly determined that there will be
no breach of the peace. Rabble rousers
are basically cowards and fade away when
confronted by authorities in a posture of
dignity and quiet confidence.”
This, I believe, is the real reason why
desegregation in Arlington was accom
plished without incident. This is why
there was no excitement, why the assign
ment turned out to be a dull one for
press, radio and television. The lunatic
fringe had made threats, had promised
to picket, had said it would distribute
hate literature. It did not appear. Report
ers made up most of the crowd that
morning and their number dwindled as
the day wore on.
We made it clear in words that we
would tolerate no breach of the peace;
rl in g t o n ,
A
we also took elaborate precautions to
back up our words. Since last summer
our police had been taking special train
ing and instruction in the handling of
"civil disturbance.” On the morning
that the school was integrated pursuant
to the decree of the federal courts, our
police, wearing GI battle helmets painted
white, and equipped with gas grenades
and masks, batons and other riot equip
ment, were deployed around the entire
perimeter of the school grounds. Fifteen
plain clothesmen, mostly from our Ju
of
venile Bureau, were on duty in the school
building. Access to the school and the
-------------- T h e A u t h o r -------------Mr. Krupsaw had an insider's view of the
Arlington story. He is Chairman of the
Arlington County Board— a title equiva
lent to that of mayor.
thwarted. There was no disruption of the
teaching schedule.
It soon became evident to Arlington
authorities that we had "over-prepared.”
The next morning the contingent assigned
to protect the children and the school
was reduced from 90 men to 60. The
following day, February 4, the sixty were
cut to thirty and the next day to fifteen.
On Friday, February 6, the last school
day of the week, all officers were removed
except for two plainclothes officers in
side the school and motorized units patroling the school area.
The Arlington desegregation story was
Qff the front pages on the fourth day.
In less than 100 hours we had become
only second section news. This exceeded
our best hopes and was a good measure
of our success.
We are not in the least sorry that we
were over-prepared. And we know that
we will have a continuing problem for
some time. But we are confident that
we can handle our problem ourselves—
without interference from state militia
or paratroopers with fixed bayonets.
surrounding area was limited to pupils
and teachers. Press, radio and television
reporters were barred from school prem
ises. Any carnival character that might
have attached to the event was eliminated.
Photographers and reporters did some
what better from their standpoint after
T h e sm ooth and happy passing of
school was dismissed; they could stop
and talk with children after they had left Arlington’s D-Day was the result of
much more than just police planning.
the restricted area around Stratford.
Several anonymous telephone calls were Many others participated.
received during the day alleging that
One of the Negro mothers was in
bombs had been planted in the school charge of "orientation.” Conferences
building. Our police were certain that were held by Negro and white parents.
this was not true, and a careful recheck Workshops with the youngsters prepared
of the building showed that they were them for the emotional adjustment to the
right. Stratford had been kept under white school. Volunteer white teachers
intense surveillance; for several nights worked as tutors. Several white parents
before "Desegregation Day” the school arranged parties for the Negro children
building was illuminated inside and lights to get together with kids from Stratford
flooded the school grounds. N o panic fol so that the new students would see a
lowed the bomb threats and the obvious few familiar faces that first day. Student
purpose of emptying the building was guides were assigned to help the new
available from
ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B’NAI B’RITH
515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N. Y.
comers through the hallways to the vari
ous classes. The orientation activities and
get-togethers were not sponsored by school
authorities. They knew of this only
through the newspapers.
S in c e litig a tio n was pending almost
to the moment that school opened Monday
morning, the school administrative au
thorities participated only in the me
chanics of the necessary arrangements.
They conferred, of course, with the county
manager and police officials regarding
arrangements for the big day. The su
perintendent of schools conferred with
the principal of the junior high school
about the enrollment and placing of the
Negro pupils. The superintendent assigned
the school system’s public relations offi
cer to Stratford and she sent informa
tion over to the Administration Building
for release to the press.
Claude M. Richmond is the principal
of Stratford Junior High School. He
talked to each of the 7th grade sections,
giving only the facts, and told the stu
dents what was expected of them in terms
of behavior. The children were told to
discuss this with their parents. Attend
ance in school on "opening” day was a
matter for parental decision. Mr. Rich
mond also spoke to his 8th and 9th grades
at assemblies and discussed all facets of
the problem with his faculty. In assign
ing the children, he gave careful consider
ation to the makeup of the group and
to the teachers concerned. He talked to
the four Negro children and to some of
their parents about arrangements for en
rollment, programs and schedules.
The superintendent issued a rule (with
the approval of the school board) that
the admission of Negro students would
not automatically constitute a valid rea
son for transfer of students to another
school or to another section within Strat
ford. He also ruled that any student cre
ating a disturbance would automatically
be suspended and would be readmitted
only after a conference with the child’s
parents. Principal Richmond sent these
regulations home by the children.
So w e are now, we hope, over the
hump. Because the Governor of Virginia,
J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., is a responsible
public official and a man of courage, be
cause Arlington authorities made it clear
that no disorder would be tolerated, our
community was able to master its crisis.
Although we are, in one sense, a suburb
of Washington, D. C., we are still Vir
ginians, and most Virginians do not wel
come integration. But that was not the
point. Responsible Virginians and Arlingtonians wanted no Little Rock. And
there was no Little Rock.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Article by David L. Krupsaw, Chairman of the Arlington County Board, "The Day Nothing Happened", The ADL Bulletin, February, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Article about the first day of integrated school at Stratford Junior High School in Arlington and the preparations that had been made to make a smooth transition.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1959-2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, David L. Krupsaw
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_8
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/a5f561b5119170e4984f6aa85ee02cf0.pdf
6d461824fc00ce6ed1236deaa1dc207b
PDF Text
Text
SAVE OUR SCHOOLS COMMITTEE OF ARLINGTON
December 20, 1955
The first step to Save Our Schools, the public schools so
many have worked so hard to build up, is to defeat the proposed
constitutional convention in the January 9, 1956 referendum.
Facts on this issue have been gathered. The Save Our
Schools Committee of Arlington, listed on the reverse, wants to
bring the facts to as many voters as possible — by mail, radio, TV,
and person-to-person. To do this
money is needed
volunteers are needed
Time is so short, a large "No on the Ninth" vote will be
cast only if many good citizens, like the four thousand to whom this
letter is addressed, accept the responsibility and get to work.
At least one person has agreed to lead the work in each
neighborhood. The names of each volunteer will be turned over to
the leader and his committee in the neighborhood.
Contributions should be sent to (and checks made out to):
Mrs. Eloise Newdorp, Treasurer
Save Our Schools Committee of Arlington
2811 N. Westmoreland St., Arlington, Va.
___ talking to neighbors
typing
_
To volunteer for ___ telephoning
and addressing
working referendum day
(Check and return to the above address)
for the Save Our Schools Committee
of Arlington
OVER
�Save Our Schools Committee of Arlington
Chairman, Edward B. Hincks, President, Arlington Civic Federation
Vice Chairman, Theodore W. Taylor, County Council of PTA's
Ivan A. Booker, National Education Association
Mrs. Elizabeth Campbell, member, Arlington School Board
Laszlo H. Ecker-Racz, tax expert
Rev. William H. Foster, Jr., Minister Trinity Presbyterian Church
Rabbi Noah Golinkin
Robert L. Groom, member, Arlington Republican Committee
Mrs. Virginia Howard, Arlington branch, American Association of
University Women
Ralph R. Kaul, member elect, Arlington County Board
Lawrence S. Knappen, President, Citizens' Committee for School Improvement
David L. Krupsaw, member elect, Arlington County Board
Mrs. Roger D. Marshall, Arlington League of Women Voters
William P. McCahill, Past Commander, Catholic War Veterans of Arlington
Jack C. Orndorff, Clearing House for Public Education
Wilfred Owen, Brookings Institution
John L. Palmer, Past President, Arlington Education Association
G. Robert Reed, Community Council for Social Progress
Mrs. Sam Rubenstein, Northern Virginia Council of Jewish Women
Kathryn H. Stone, Virginia House of Delegates
Mrs. Herbert S. Thatcher, Arlington Democratic Committee
Rev. Ross A. Weston, Minister Arlington Unitarian Church
Mrs. Richard Wheeler, Council of Arlington Church Women
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Flyer from "Save our Schools Committee of Arlington", December 20, 1955.
Description
An account of the resource
Flyer from "Save our Schools Committee of Arlington" requesting volunteers and money to defeat the proposed constitutional convention in the January 9, 1956 referendum. 2 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
12/20/55
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Save Our Schools Committee of Arlington
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_9
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/5de74878d03ca7439119e2ada05acbd9.pdf
1eaa49416fa7afffdedac5792382a5d6
PDF Text
Text
ARLINGTON COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
May 22, 1959
From the By-Laws of the Arlington Committee to Preserve
Public Schools; Section 11,
(adopted June 12, 1953*):
"This committee shall be terminated one year
after its formation unless the membership
adopts a resolution specifically providing
for its continuance and its later termination."
At a meeting of the Executive Board held May 10, it was strongly felt
that the Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools should continue in
existence for at least one year and possibly longer. The following resolu
tion is therefore being put before you - via the U. S. mails - for your
approval or disapproval:
"In accordance with Section 11 of the By-Laws be it resolved
that the Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools be continued
beyond June 12, 1959 for at least one year and not more than two
years unless the membership adopts a resolution specifically providing
for its continuance and its later termination."
Will you please vote on the enclosed postcard and return it promptly?
Two spaces are provided so that husband and wife may both vote on the same
card. Ballots postmarked later than June 5 will not be counted. No post
age is necessary.
Following are some of the reasons why the Board recommends passage of
this resolution:
1. The Perrow program is completely unsatisfactory to the extremists
in the state and they will be back at the i960 legislative session with
renewed efforts to close the schools. The fact that - state-wide - we were
an organized, vocal group of 25,000 people adamantly against any effort to
close or damage public schools helped immeasurably in this last crisis, and
this organized citizen pressure is still needed.
2. We d o n ’t know what is going to happen. We don't know what turn
the private school movement will take. We don’t know what this year’s
elections will show. We don't know what litigation will come or what it
will determine. The present legislation is untested in the courts, for
example - tuition scholarships i We may need to be ready to move firmly and
quickly in several directions.
Arlington’s help continues to be needed from time to time by the
Virginia Committee for Public Schools with which we are affiliated. Obvi
ously our success in maintaining our public schools here without crippling
limitations is largely dependent on state policy. Hence the following
points are relevant to our situation:
(a) There is still a demand for our help in organizing local
groups before a crisis occurs in their areas.
( b ) Some of the Perrow bills could result in serious damage to
the public schools in the state, indirectly affecting Arlington. The
compulsory attendance compromise and the bill permitting the sale of
school buildings are examples. A locality can, if it chooses, strip
its public schools down to a mere skeleton and refuse to put up the
matching funds for support of those schools.
At the top of the next page are two quotations which support this need
to maintain an organization here to tie in with the State Committee.
You will also find a Treasurer's Report covering our entire year of
existence.
May we remind you of the importance of your vote at the primary
(July 1*0 and the general election in November for representatives from
Arlington who agree with us that the public school system must be kept
intact.
0. Glenn Stahl
President
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter sent to members of the "Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools", May 22, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter sent to members of the "Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools" asking members to vote to maintain the Committee. By-Laws required a vote to continue the Committee. Reasons given as to the importance of the work the Committee has done.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/22/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_10
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/04c0e6fdd9fda88c44c102be8252c1ca.pdf
c21c63b61cdba16962c155a6fd83d187
PDF Text
Text
"I hope that no one will feel that this is a great victory
for public schools, for it is not. It is a transitional
program. Its fate in the courts and in actual practice is far
from certain. Citizen support of public education must remain
strong and grow even stronger.
"The Virginia Committee for Public Schools has been the
most effective new instrument to come into being. It must not
be dissolved, but should be kept alive and active."
Katheryn Stone
Delegate from Arlington
"In the midst of the desegregation furor the Virginia
Committee for Public Schools can best be described as repre
senting the organized common sense of Virginia...
"Much will depend during the coming year on the strength
and further growth of this committee."
Benjamin Muse
Washington Post
TREASURER'S REFORT
(As of May 19, 1939)
Total Receipts
(including Organizing Committee)
$ b,721.kl
Expenditures
Adverti sement
Long distance telephone
Printing & mimeographing
Postage, mailing & P. 0. Box
Rental & janitor service
(Meeting halls)
Secretarial services
Stationery & supplies
Subscriptions to publications
Television slides
* Travel
Virginia Committee for Public
Schools
J
1
;
15U.70
109.11
758.72
^36.03
70.00
6.5O
75.82
15.20
15.00
12U.05
2,300.00
M65.13
Present Balance
656.28
Estimated cost of
present mailing
150.00
Anticipated balance
$
506.28
* Represents but small part of actual travel performed by members of
Committee.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Treasurer's Report, Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools, May 19, 1959.
Description
An account of the resource
Treasurer's Report, Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/19/59
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_11
-
https://projectdaps.org/files/original/ecbbe348327e71d386a97577ddeea71a.pdf
036717614b1c3fa3fa271cff782510ca
PDF Text
Text
Time's running out!
THE TIME HAS COME
when MEMBERS
of the Arlington Committee to P reserv e
Public Schools need to meet to inform
ourselves of the next threat to public
education in Virginia and to discuss what
action we must take in the near future,
THE TIME HAS COME
for every PARENT
in Arlington to join with us; meet with
us; speak out with us; and fight with us
to KEEP OUR SCHOOLS OPEN.
THE TIME HAS COME
for every CITIZEN
of Virginia to join with us and support '■
our efforts to maintain public education
in our state.
Thursday, December 4, 1958
8 p .m .
Wakefield High School
4901 S. Chesterfield Road
TO: Hear rep o rts on the present situation in Arlington and in
the state.
TO: Discuss what can be done NOW on a local and a sta te
wide basis.
COME
AND
BRI NG
YOUR
FRIENDS
AND
NEIGHBORS 1
The Committee needs m ore money than it has.
We expect to be faced with heavy legal expenses.
We should help finance a comprehensive state-wide drive to preserve
schools.
We need money NOW — for stamps, for mimeographing, for travel
expenses and telephone calls — to tie us closer to the growing movement through- »
■
out the state to defend public education.
~/7rr/mTJ7iir n / // 1ninnjr// / / / / / / / / 1/ / //////////////// /i/////// // / // / / //
1
CONTRIBUTE
NOW 1
It will cost less to preserve the schools than
it will cost to operate inferior private schools
in our basements I I
ARLINGTON COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
P.O .B ox 7112
�A r l i n g t o n C o m m itte e t o P r e s e r v e P u b li c S c h o o ls
P . 0 . Box 7112
A rlin g to n 7 , V irg in ia
I am s o r r y I am u n a b l e t o a t t e n d t h e i m p o r t a n t m e e tin g o n D ecem ber 4 .
I e n c lo se
my c o n t r i b u t i o n .
NAME _
_
ADDRESS
ARLINGTON COMMITTEE TO PRESERVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
p . 0 . Box 7112 - A r l i n g t o n 7 , V i r g i n i a
N o n -p ro f it O rg a n iz a tio n
•
U. S .
POSTAGE
PAI D
A rlin g to n , V ir g in ia
P e r m it N o. 409
p lr i M rs
Jpdm un,a
/ f\
i ,
^s-mpba.//
/e /< s
n r /i n f 7~c rj -
a
V.
V ■
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of the personal papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell, and covers the period from 1945 through 1991, with the bulk of the material falling between 1947 and 1959. The materials in this collection were generated or collected as a result of Mrs. Campbell's involvement in the Arlington County School Board, as well as her interests and activities in education and local politics.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Flyer announcing an all-member meeting of the Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools, December 4, 1958.
Description
An account of the resource
Flyer announcing an all-member meeting to inform the public about the threat to public education in Virginia. 2 pages.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
12/4/58
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
RG 19, The Personal Papers of Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arlington Committee to Preserve Public Schools
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is subject to copyright. nauthorized use of the images in the Local History Collections of the Arlington Community Archives is prohibited.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
19_2_8_1_12